Air-related mechanisms of noise generation by solid rubber tyres with cavities

There are four main air-related noise generation mechanisms at the tyre/road interface, which were all categorised more than 20 years ago. The first one is the so-called ‘air pumping’ mechanism. Two other air-related phenomena that occur when there are air movements near the contact patch of the tyre are ‘air resonant radiation’ and ‘pipe resonances’ which appear at the footprint of the tyre. In addition to these, there is a forth effect, which is mentioned in the literature, that is occurring due to turbulence effects of the air surrounding the spinning tyre. There has been less focus on the air-related mechanisms than on other types of tyre noise generation mechanisms. This paper attempts to add some detail to current understanding of the air-related noise generation at the tyre road interface and gives some further information on how to identify the differences due to these mechanisms. Specifically in the present paper, a solid rubber tyre running on a vehicle chassis dynamometer is used to study the first two mechanisms. This is done with emphasis on the time history of the recorded signal and not on the frequency spectrum, as is more commonly used. A comparison with existing theoretical models of these mechanisms reveals some of the strength and weaknesses of the current understanding of these phenomena.     

紫外成像器件光电阴极封接焊料熔层缺陷对气密性的影响

为解决紫外成像器件光电阴极与管体封接漏气问题,对管体InSn合金熔化过程中出现的质量问题进行了深入分析,找出焊料熔层缺陷主要来源于对焊料除气不彻底和基底表面氧化及设备油污染。通过优化工艺参数,改进工艺质量和把化铟设备管体搁置焊料熔化改为浇铸熔化,使管体焊料熔化合格率达到了100%,光电阴极与管体封接气密性成品率达到98%。     

Determination of Xenon in Air by a Pulse-discharge Helium Ionization Detector

A pulse-discharge helium ionization detector(Valco, PD-D3-I) was used to measure xenon concentration in air. The dependences of the detector relative response on various gas chromatograph parameters were investigated. Based on the well prepared gas connections for the detector system and optimized gas chromatography(GC) working conditions, the atmospheric xenon concentration could be measured by the cheap GC method with a detection level of 0.7?0^-9(parts by volume). Moreover, the xenon concentration in the ground level air around our laboratory was measured with the result of 0.085?0^-6(parts by volume) and RSD of 0.91%.     

空气中痕量铀的现场光度法测定

作为一种天然放射性金属元素,铀及其化合物可以地气为分散系,以气溶胶形式稳定存在并随空气迁移。气相中铀可经多种途径对人体造成放射性危害,而其浓度变化与该区域核能开发与利用有关。因此,对空气中铀的快速现场检测具有现实意义。采用普通气泵对低品位铀矿石上方的空气进行采样,并以2.0 mol·L-1硝酸溶液对气体进行吸收,向溶液中添加固体试剂包,对溶液中微量铀进行显色后以手持式光度计进行现场光度分析。结果表明：对于普通低品位铀矿石样品,空气中铀含量可用本方法检出,该方法多次测定的RSD为1.72%,其结果与ICP-MS分析结果一致。将该方法用于区分铀矿石和其他矿石,具有成本低廉,操作方便,结果准确可靠等优点。     

Intensification of heat transfer during mild thermal treatment of dry-cured ham by using airborne ultrasound

The application of power ultrasound (PuS) could be used as a novel technology with which to intensify thermal treatments using hot air. Mild thermal treatments have been applied to improve the soft texture of dry-cured ham caused by defective processing. In this regard, the aim of this study was to assess the kinetic intensification linked to the application of airborne PuS in the mild thermal treatment using hot air of dry-cured ham. For this purpose, vacuum packed cylindrical samples (2.52 ± 0.11 cm in diameter and 1.90 ± 0.14 cm in height) of dry-cured ham were heated using hot air at different temperatures (40, 45, 50 °C) and air velocities (1, 2, 3, 4, 6 m/s) with (22.3 kHz, 50 W) and without PuS application. Heat transfer was analyzed by considering that it was entirely controlled by conduction and the apparent thermal diffusivity was identified by fitting the model to the heating kinetics. The obtained results revealed that PuS application sped up the heat transfer, showing an increase in the apparent thermal diffusivity (up to 37%). The improvement in the apparent thermal diffusivity produced by PuS application was greater at high temperatures (50 °C) but negligible at high air velocities (6 m/s). Heating caused an increase in the hardness and elasticity of dry-cured ham, which would correct ham pastiness defects, while the influence of PuS on such textural parameters was negligible.     

An investigation of strong backflow events at the interface of air–water systems using large-eddy simulation

A large-eddy simulation of a counter-current gas–liquid flow is performed. At the flat interface where the different fluids meet, continuity of momentum and momentum fluxes are enforced following the work of Lombardi et al. [Direct numerical simulation of near-interface turbulence in coupled gas-liquid flow. Phys Fluids. 1996;8(6):1643–1665]. The increase in vertical vorticity fluctuations near the interface increases mixing, reducing the thickness of the inner region of the boundary layer. Such increase reduces shear while allowing for more frequent backflow motions in the inner region, being this phenomenon stronger on water. Due to the higher inertia of water these backflow motions are ultimately responsible for the streaky structure of shear stresses seen along the interface. The present study shows that such bimodality in the streamwise velocities is also seen in the angle distribution of vorticity relative to the interface, where such angles are linked to the presence of interface-connected and quasi-streamwise vortex cores. Finally, it is shown that backflow events on the interface shear stresses correlate with coupled ‘strong’ ejections in the near interface region despite the disparagingly different near-interface streamwise velocity distributions on the near interface boundary layers.     

一次人工触发闪电通道光谱结构分析

用无狭缝光谱仪获得了广东地区一次人工触发闪电首次回击过程的发射光谱,同时测量了回击电流峰值为18.3kA,回击持续时间为4.5ms。发现导线部分通道的发射谱线中存在407.5,419.0,425.3和517.9nm等激发能比较高的谱线,具有强闪电通道发射光谱的谱线结构,空气部分则具有弱闪电通道的谱线结构;导线部分与空气部分的基本谱线的相对强度差别较小,强闪电特征谱线相对强度相差非常大。通过对导线部分与空气部分谱线激发能等参数的分析,发现回击开始时,导线部分先导通道还未完全消失,回击脉冲电流对先导闪电通道等离子体进行了进一步激发,增加了等离子体的温度和密度,使得导线部分具有较高激发能的谱线被完全激发,相对于空气部分407.5,419.0,425.3和517.9nm等谱线的强度有较大程度的增加,造成导线部分通道与空气通道两种不同的光谱结构。通过光谱分析,获得了闪电通道不同部分的温度、电子密度等参数,发现导线部分通道的辐射特性不同于空气通道是导线部分通道发光亮度与电流相关性较差的原因。     

城市空气质量智能监测节点的设计

文章以STM32为核心, 采用GPRS通信数据传输方式, 设计出一个流动的城市空气质量智能监测节点, 可以 监测温度、湿度、气压和PM2.5的数值, 并进行了测试试验, 相关测试数据可以送到监控中心供城市管理 者进行决策分析。     

Theoretical and numerical analysis of the corneal air puff test

Ocular analyzers are used in the current clinical practice to estimate, by means of a rapid air jet, the intraocular pressure and other eye's parameters. In this study, we model the biomechanical response of the human cornea to the dynamic test with two approaches. In the first approach, the corneal system undergoing the air puff test is regarded as a harmonic oscillator. In the second approach, we use patient-specific geometries and the finite element method to simulate the dynamic test on surgically treated corneas. In spite of the different levels of approximation, the qualitative response of the two models is very similar, and the most meaningful results of both models are not significantly affected by the inclusion of viscosity of the corneal material in the dynamic analysis. Finite element calculations reproduce the observed snap-through of the corneal shell, including two applanate configurations, and compare well with in vivo images provided by ocular analyzers, suggesting that the mechanical response of the cornea to the air puff test is actually driven only by the elasticity of the stromal tissue. These observations agree with the dynamic characteristics of the test, since the frequency of the air puff impulse is several orders of magnitude larger than the reciprocal of any reasonable relaxation time for the material, downplaying the role of viscosity during the fast snap-through phase.     

洁净空调系统常用空气处理方案的节能分析

分析洁净空调系统常用空气处理方案的特点,对比不同空气处理方案的理论能耗计算结果,通过工程实例能耗计算分析,确定最佳的空气处理优选方案。