Stochastic flows on a countable set: Convergence in distribution

Consider a sequenceF ₁,F ₂,... of i.i.d. random transformations from a countable setV toV. Such a sequence describes a discrete-time stochastic flow onV, in which the position at timen of a particle that started at sitex isM _n(x), whereM _n =F _n F _n–1 F ₁. We give conditions on the law ofF ₁ for the sequence (M _n) to be tight, and describe the possible limiting law. an example called the block charge model is introduced. The results can be formulated as a statement about the convergence in distribution of products of infinite-dimensional random stochastic matrices. In practical terms, they describe the possible equilibria for random motions of systems of particles on a countable set, without births or deaths, where each site may be occupied by any number of particles, and all particles at a particular site move together.     

Neutral oxygen atom density in the MESOX air plasma solar furnace facility

The density of neutral oxygen atoms in the MESOX set-up, one device of the PROMES-CNRS solar facilities, was determined by a fiber-optics catalytic probe (FOCP). Plasma was created in a flowing air within a quartz tube with the outer diameter of 5 cm by a 2.45 GHz microwave generator with the output power up to 1000 W. The flow of air was varied between 4 and 20 l/h. The O-atom density was found to increase monotonously with the increasing discharge power, and it decreased with the increasing flow rate. The degree of dissociation of oxygen molecules in the plasma column depended largely on the flow rate. At the air flow of 4 l/h it was about 80% but it decreased to about 20% at the flow of 20 l/h.     

Air microwave-induced plasma: Relation between ion density and atomic oxygen density

Electron temperature and ion density are measured in an air microwave-induced plasma (2450 MHz) by means of a floating double probe. A 'cinetic scheme for ion formation and decay is set up, and a relationship between atomic oxygen and ion densities is obtained. From this relationship an order-of-magnitude of atomic oxygen concentration in the discharge is derived and compared with results obtained by optical actinometry in another work.     

Mechanisms of Photochemical Air Pollution

Selected aspects of the chemistry of photochemical air pollution is discussed and some important, unresolved problems dilineated. The reactive species considered include NO₂, O₃, O(³P), O(¹D), O₂(¹Δ_g), OH and HO₂. Both the kinetics and mechanicsms of the reactions constituting the major tropospheric sources and sinks of these species are treated where available. The application of this information in both computer and smog chamber simulations of photochemical smog is discussed.     

Routine determination of major anions in atmospheric aerosols by capillary electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with indirect UV detection utilizing a pyromellitate-based electrolyte was used for the routine analysis of major anions in atmospheric aerosols collected on filters with high-volume (Hi-Vol) samplers. The long-term reliability of the CE system was checked over an 8-month period during which over 2900 samples were analyzed. In addition, approximately 1100 samples were analyzed in parallel by ion chromatography (IC). It has been shown that acceptable analytical performance can be routinely obtained. The agreement between the CE and IC results is good, generally better than 20% at concentrations larger than 1 mg l⁻¹.     

甲壳素铁卟啉制备及其催化空气氧化环己烷研究

首次采用甲壳素和四苯基铁卟啉制备高分子金属卟啉固载物 甲壳素四苯基铁卟啉 ,并用电镜 ,紫外和红外光谱技术对它进行表征 ,测定了铁卟啉在甲壳素上的表观吸附常数 ,研究了其催化性能 .研究结果表明 :四苯基铁卟啉能牢固地固载在甲壳素上 ,其表观吸附常数为 6 .80× 10 4L·mol-1.在无溶剂 ,无助催化剂和还原剂的体系中 ,它能高效催化空气氧化环己烷生成环己酮和环己醇 ,在 4 18K和 0 .8MPa的反应条件下 ,环己醇和环己酮选择性为 74 .5 % ,环己烷的摩尔转化率为 14 .79% ,催化剂转化数达到 3.80× 10 5.相对未固载的四苯基铁卟啉催化剂转化数 (按铁卟啉计 )提高了 2 1倍 .     

Nickel speciation via voltammetric quantification of nickel metal,oxides and salts

A practical speciation method for a solid mixture of nickel species applicable to atmospheric monitoring of Ni⁰, Ni²⁺ and NiO_x is reported. This involves magnetic extraction of Ni⁰ to separate it from the water-soluble nickel salts and the insoluble oxides, followed by adsorptive stripping voltammetry to quantify the nickel in each fraction. The separation scheme was validated by using calibration standards and by simulating air-filter samples prepared with authentic nickel products. The recoveries of nickel were Ni⁰ 94–105% and total nickel 95–102%.     

Performance of an internal-loop airlift bioreactor for treatment of hexane-contaminated air

Hexane is a toxic volatile organic compound that is quite abundant in gas emissions from chemical industries and printing press and painting centers, and it is necessary to treat these airstreams before they discharge into the atmosphere. This article presents a treatment for hexane-contaminated air in steady-state conditions using an internal-loop airlift bioreactor inoculated with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Bioprocesses were conducted at 20-mL/min, a load of 1.26 g/m³ of C₆H₁₄, and a temperature of 28°C. The results of hexane removal efficiencies were presented as a function of the inoculum size (approx 0.07 and 0.2 g/L) and cell reuse. Bioprocess monitoring comprises quantification of the biomass, the surface tension of the medium, and the hexane concentration in the fermentation medium as well as in the inlet and outlet airstreams. The steady-state results suggest that the variation in inoculum size from 0.07 to 0.2 g/L promotes hexane abatement from the influent from 65 to 85%, respectively. Total hydrocarbon removal from the waste gas was achieved during experiments conducted using reused cells at an initial microbial concentration of 0.2 g/L.     

Determination of carbonyl compounds in air by HPLC using on-line analyzed microcartridges,fluorescence and chemiluminescence detection

Summary Sensitive and selective detection of dansylhydrazones of atmospheric carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) can be achieved using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence or chemiluminescence detection. The carbonyl compounds are derivatized by drawing air through small glass cartridges packed with porous glass particles impregnated with dansylhydrazine. After sampling, the contents of the cartridges are analyzed on-line by using a small plug of water (200 L) to transfer and focus the hydrazone derivatives at the head of a HPLC column. Greatly increased sensitivity over traditional methods derives from 1) analysis of the entire contents of the sampling cartridge, and 2) detection by fluoresence or peroxyoxalate chemilum-inescence. Results are compared for photo-initiated and H₂O₂-initiated peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence. This novel and practical system enables the detection of sub-ppbv concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and higher carbonyls in air using relatively short sampling times.     

A “Multiplicative Coboundary” theorem for some sequences of random matrices

Schmidt(¹⁰) showed that if the family of distributions of the partial sums of a strictly stationary random sequence is tight, then that random sequence is a coboundary. Here an analog of that result is proved for some sequences of random matrices, with partial sums replaced by matrix products.