ALOHA应用于TD-SCDMA的随机接入过程

分析了TD-SCDMA系统物理层过程中的随机接入过程和ALOHA算法的应用。随机接入过程作为无线通信系统中的一个关键性过程,其在UpPCH公共信道上产生的碰撞问题将直接影响用户接入的成功和无线资源的利用。在系统级仿真软件OPNET中对用户和基站分别进行建模,并在基站侧对在同一时隙接入的用户强度以及由此产生的碰撞进行了仿真分析,得出:当用户的接入强度很大时,碰撞的概率比较大。应用ALOHA算法于具有竞争冲突特性的上行同步信道,经仿真后得出结论,ALOHA算法的应用可以减少碰撞的影响。     

RFID系统防碰撞算法的研究及其改进

射频识别技术中,防碰撞问题是提高系统读取效率的关键问题。文章在传统防碰撞算法的基础上,分析了ALOHA的防碰撞算法和二进制搜索算法。并提出一种改进的动态二进制搜索算法。利用曼彻斯特编码可以准确识别碰撞位的特性,当读写器检测到碰撞位之后,仅需要记录最高碰撞位和次高碰撞位的位置,并设定这两个位置上的比特数作为下次查询命令,从而使系统的传输数据量、传输时间大大减少,改进后的算法比二进制搜索算法更具优势。     

一种新的RFID防碰撞算法设计

该文提出了一种基于码分多址思想的时隙ALOHA算法(CS-ALOHA),来解决射频识别(RFID)中的防碰撞问题。在建立该算法的数学模型的基础上,分析了其对系统吞吐量带来的好处,并推导出系统稳定的条件。理论与仿真实验表明,采用CS-ALOHA算法的系统稳定范围要大于时隙ALOHA系统,并且当选用的扩频码组阶数为N时,CS-ALOHA算法的最大吞吐量可达原时隙ALOHA的N倍。     

分组自适应分配时隙的RFID防碰撞算法研究

为了解决射频识别(Radio Frequency IDentification,RFID)系统中的多标签防碰撞问题,在分析帧时隙ALOHA算法的基础上,提出一种基于分组自适应分配时隙的RFID防碰撞算法(GAAS).首先让阅读器对标签随机所选的时隙进行扫描统计,并将其发送给每一个标签,标签再进行相应地时隙调整,使阅读器跳过空闲时隙和碰撞时隙,自适应地分配有效时隙,进而对标签进行快速识别.当未识别标签数比较大时,算法采用分组以及动态调整帧长等策略,以减少时隙处理的时间.仿真结果表明:GAAS算法提高了系统的识别效率和稳定性,降低了传输开销.特别是当标签数超过1000时,该算法的吞吐率仍保持在71%以上,比传统的帧时隙ALOHA-256算法和分组动态帧时隙ALOHA算法的系统效率分别提高了300%和97.2%.     

基于协议序列的车辆自组织网络信道接入控制算法

 针对如何提高车辆自组织网络无线信道资源利用率问题,提出了一种分布式车辆间通信信道接入控制算法,该算法具体表示为利用中国余数定理设计一种用户保障协议序列,车辆节点(亦称用户)依据该协议序列决定其对通信信道的接入,无需基站或中心节点的协调,所设计的协议序列确保每个车辆节点在一个序列周期内至少成功发送一次数据.仿真结果表明,采用本文提出的协议序列控制算法比无反馈时隙ALOHA接入控制算法具有更小的传输时延,能够满足车辆自组织网络通信实时性的要求.     

CMOS image sensors for sensor networks

We report on two generations of CMOS image sensors with digital output fabricated in a 0.6 μm CMOS process. The imagers embed an ALOHA MAC interface for unfettered self-timed pixel read-out targeted to energy-aware sensor network applications. Collision on the output is monitored using contention detector circuits. The image sensors present very high dynamic range and ultra-low power operation. This characteristics allow the sensor to operate in different lighting conditions and for years on the sensor network node power budget. Eugenio Culurciello (S’97–M’99) received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 2004 from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. In July 2004 he joined the department of Electrical Engineering at Yale University, where he is currently an assistant professor. He founded and instrumented the E-Lab laboratory in 2004. His research interest is in analog and mixed-mode integrated circuits for biomedical applications, sensors and networks, biological sensors, Silicon on Insulator design and bio-inspired systems. Andreas G. Andreou received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science in 1986 from Johns Hopkins University. Between 1986 and 1989 he held post-doctoral fellow and associate research scientist positions in the Electrical and Computer engineering department while also a member of the professional staff at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. Andreou became an assistant professor of Electrical and Computer engineering in 1989, associate professor in 1993 and professor in 1996. He is also a professor of Computer Science and of the Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute and director of the Institute’s Fabrication and Lithography Facility in Clark Hall. He is the co-founder of the Johns Hopkins University Center for Language and Speech Processing. Between 2001 and 2003 he was the founding director of the ABET accredited undergraduate Computer Engineering program. In 1996 and 1997 he was a visiting professor of the computation and neural systems program at the California Institute of Technology. In 1989 and 1991 he was awarded the R.W. Hart Prize for his work on mixed analog/digital integrated circuits for space applications. He is the recipient of the 1995 and 1997 Myril B. Reed Best Paper Award and the 2000 IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, Darlington Best Paper Award. During the summer of 2001 he was a visiting professor in the department of systems engineering and machine intelligence at Tohoku University. In 2006, Prof. Andreou was elected as an IEEE Fellow and a distinguished lecturer of the IEEE EDS society. Andreou’s research interests include sensors, micropower electronics, heterogeneous microsystems, and information processing in biological systems. He is a co-editor of the IEEE Press book: Low-Voltage/Low-Power Integrated Circuits and Systems, 1998 (translated in Japanese) and the Kluwer Academic Publishers book: Adaptive Resonance Theory Microchips, 1998. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I.     

基于动态ALOHA算法的RFID反碰撞技术

简述了无源射频识别系统的组成、工作原理及数据碰撞问题。针对射频识别系统的技术要求和应用特点,提出一种基于时分多路的动态ALOHA反碰撞方法,并对其工作原理、可行性及实现过程进行了分析和论证。该方法无需增加硬件开销,应用成本低,适应性强。     

Spectrum Slicing for Multiple Access Channels with Heterogeneous Services

Wireless mobile networks from the fifth generation (5G) and beyond serve as platforms for flexible support of heterogeneous traffic types with diverse performance requirements. In particular, the broadband services aim for the traditional rate optimization, while the time-sensitive services aim for the optimization of latency and reliability, and some novel metrics such as Age of Information (AoI). In such settings, the key question is the one of spectrum slicing: how these services share the same chunk of available spectrum while meeting the heterogeneous requirements. In this work we investigated the two canonical frameworks for spectrum sharing, Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), in a simple, but insightful setup with a single time-slotted shared frequency channel, involving one broadband user, aiming to maximize throughput and using packet-level coding to protect its transmissions from noise and interference, and several intermittent users, aiming to either to improve their latency-reliability performance or to minimize their AoI. We analytically assessed the performances of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and ALOHA-based schemes in both OMA and NOMA frameworks by deriving their Pareto regions and the corresponding optimal values of their parameters. Our results show that NOMA can outperform traditional OMA in latency-reliability oriented systems in most conditions, but OMA performs slightly better in age-oriented systems.     

Experimental Study of Capture Effect for Medium Access Control with ALOHA

In this paper, we investigate the capture effect through experiments conducted with Iris nodes equipped with AT86RF230 radio transceivers. It is shown that the first arriving packet in a collision can capture the radio channel for equal power transmissions and may be decoded depending on the amount of overlap. A new 3‐packet‐capture scenario is introduced and implemented. To be able to understand the impact of capture on the throughput performance of wireless sensor networks, we present an analysis of the capture coefficient using our practical results. For real‐world implementations, the throughput of pure ALOHA considering a finite number of users is presented in analytical form. The capture coefficient is then applied to pure ALOHA as a case study. Using analytical and practical implementations of the capture effect on ALOHA, a very good match in channel throughput performance enhancement is demonstrated over the non‐capture effect case. TinyOS‐2.x is used to program the nodes and to observe data exchange on a computer through a base station.     

低轨卫星移动通信中扩频S—ALOHA协议吞吐性能分析

由于扩频具有良好的抗多径干扰的能力，因此，在地面移动无线系统中被认为是一种较好的多址方式。但在低轨卫星移动系统中，其传播条件恶劣，各种因素对系统的吞吐性能的影响各不一样，本文分析了多径衰落，扩频增益，同步捕获等因素对吞吐性能的影响，得出了解析式，计算了数值曲线并进行了讨论