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31.
The IEEE 802.11e medium access control (MAC) layer protocol is an emerging standard to support quality of service (QoS) in
802.11 wireless networks. Some recent work shows that the 802.11e hybrid coordination function (HCF) can improve significantly
the QoS support in 802.11 networks. A simple HCF referenced scheduler has been proposed in the 802.11e which takes into account
the QoS requirements of flows and allocates time to stations on the basis of the mean sending rate. As we show in this paper,
this HCF referenced scheduling algorithm is only efficient and works well for flows with strict constant bit rate (CBR) characteristics.
However, a lot of real-time applications, such as videoconferencing, have some variations in their packet sizes, sending rates
or even have variable bit rate (VBR) characteristics. In this paper we propose FHCF, a simple and efficient scheduling algorithm
for 802.11e that aims to be fair for both CBR and VBR flows. FHCF uses queue length estimations to tune its time allocation
to mobile stations. We present analytical model evaluations and a set of simulations results, and provide performance comparisons
with the 802.11e HCF referenced scheduler. Our performance study indicates that FHCF provides good fairness while supporting
bandwidth and delay requirements for a large range of network loads.
Pierre Ansel received a multidisciplinary in-depth scientific training in different fields such as Pure and Applied Mathematics, Physics,
Mechanics, Computer Science and Economics from the Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France. Then, he joined the Ecole Nationale
Superieure des Telecommunications, Paris, France in 2005 where he went further into electronics, databases, computer network
security and high speed networks. He received a multidisciplinary master of sciences degree and an additional master of sciences
degree in telecommunications in 2005. He did a summer internship in 2003 in INRIA, Sophia Antipolis, France where he worked
on the Quality of Service in 802.11 networks at Planete Group, France. Then in 2004, he joined France Telecom R&D, Issy-les-Moulineaux,
France to work on Intranet Security issues. He designed a WiFi security supervision architecture based on WiFi Intrusion Detection
Sensors. He is currently a French civil servant and belongs to the French Telecommunications Corps.
Qiang Ni received the B.Eng., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan City, China
in 1993, 1996 and 1999 respectively. He is currently a faculty member in the Electronic and Computer Engineering Division,School
of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, West London, U.K. Between 2004 and 2005 he was a Senior Researcher at the Hamilton
Institute, National University of Ireland, Maynooth. From 1999 to 2001, he was a post-doctoral research fellow in the multimedia
and wireless communication laboratory, HUST, China. He visited and conducted research at the wireless and networking group
of Microsoft Research Asia Lab during the year of 2000. From Sept. 2001 until may 2004, he was a research staff member at
the Planète group of INRIA Sophia Antipolis France. Since 2002, he has been active as a voting member at the IEEE 802.11 wireless
LAN standard working group. His current research interests include communication protocol design and performance analysis
for wireless networks, cross-layer optimizations, vertical handover and mobility management in mobile wireless networks, and
adaptive multimedia transmission over hybrid wired/wireless networks. He has authored /co-authored over 40 international journal/conference
papers, book chapters, and standard drafts in this field. He is a member of IEEE. E-mail: Qiang.Ni@ieee.org
Thierry Turletti received the M.S. (1990) and the Ph.D. (1995) degrees in computer science both from the University of Nice – Sophia Antipolis,
France. He has done his PhD studies in the RODEO group at INRIA Sophia Antipolis. During the year 1995–96, he was a postdoctoral
fellow in the Telemedia, Networks and Systems group at LCS, MIT. He is currently a research scientist at the Planete group
at INRIA Sophia Antipolis. His research interests include multimedia applications, congestion control and wireless networking.
Dr. Turletti currently serves on the Editorial Board of Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. 相似文献
32.
G. De Marzi H.J. TrodahlJ. Bok A. CantareroF. Sapiña 《Solid State Communications》2003,127(4):259-264
We report on the first Raman data of Cu substituted La1−ySryMn1−xCuxO3 (0≤x≤0.10 and 0.17≤y≤0.3, accordingly in order to have the same Mn4+/[Mn4++Mn3+] ratio), collected in the frequency range 100-900 cm−1 and at room temperature, with parallel (ei∥es) and crossed (ei⊥es) polarizations of the incident (ei) and scattered (es) light. Spectra were fitted with a Drude-Lorentz model, and peaks at 190-220 and 430 cm−1, together with two broad structures centered at near 500 and 670 cm−1, have been found. We also have observed that the A1g mode is substantially shifted with increasing Cu substitution. The A1g phonon shift is a linear function of the tolerance factor t and the rhombohedral angle αr, thus following the structural changes of the MnO6 octahedra in the system. 相似文献
33.
含k-次增生算子的Ishikawa迭代的收敛性问题 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
主要研究了非线性方程x Tx=f的Ishikawa迭代解.其中T为k-次增生的或增生的,并在一致光滑和任意的实Banach空间分别研究了上述方程的带误差的Ishikawa迭代解,从而推广了已知的一些结果。 相似文献
34.
Transverse displacement at total reflection near the grazing angle: a way to discriminate between theories 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
F. Pillon H. Gilles S. Girard M. Laroche O. Emile 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2005,80(3):355-357
The transverse shift is observed and precisely measured at total internal reflection on a dielectric interface for a circularly polarized light beam when the incident angle is scanned from the critical angle up to the grazing angle close to 90°. The experimental results show with no doubt that the transverse displacement exists far away from the critical angle and only vanishes at grazing angle. A comparison with theories also allows a discrimination between the most different theoretical models traditionally used to interpret physically this effect. 相似文献
35.
Pal Jen Wei 《Journal of Non》2008,354(33):3911-3918
Through the arrangement of the applied load, experimental nanoindentation results of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polyurethane (PU) employed to establish a mechanical model. The proposed model consists of irreversible delayed plastic (viscoplastic) deformation, irreversible viscous deformation, and reversible delayed elastic (viscoelastic) deformations. The phase lag exhibited between the responding depth and the oscillating load is found to be linear proportional to frequency in the range of 1-50 Hz. The residual cavity profile of the PMMA scanned by an atomic force microscope gives a validity of accommodation assumption applied in the present model. The effects of overshooting, which occurred in the dwelling process, are also discussed. 相似文献
36.
Joseph Dunn Michael Neufeld Anmol Sheth Dirk Grunwald John Bennett 《Mobile Networks and Applications》2006,11(1):37-45
Many companies, organizations and communities are providing wireless hotspots that provide networking access using 802.11b wireless networks. Since wireless networks are more sensitive to variations
in bandwidth and environmental interference than wired networks, most networks support a number of transmission rates that
have different error and bandwidth properties. Access points can communicate with multiple clients running at different rates,
but this leads to unfair bandwidth allocation. If an access point communicates with a mix of clients using both 1 Mb/s and
11 Mb/s transmission rates, the faster clients are effectively throttled to 1 Mb/s as well. This happens because the 802.11
MAC protocol approximate “station fairness”, with each station given an equal chance to access the media. We provide a solution
to provide “rate proportional fairness”, where the 11 Mb/s stations receive more bandwidth than the 1 Mb/s stations. Unlike
previous solutions to this problem, our mechanism is easy to implement, works with common operating systems and requires no
change to the MAC protocol or the stations.
Joseph Dunn received an M.S. in computer science from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 2003, and B. S. in coputer science and
mathematics from the University of Arizona in 2001. His research interests are in the general area of computer systems, primarily
focusing on security and scalability in distributed systems. He is currently working on his Ph.D. in computer science from
the University of Colorado at Boulder.
Michael Neufeld received a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Colorado at Boulder in December of 2004, having previously received
an M.S. in Computer Science from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 2000 and an A.B. in Computer Science from Princeton
University in 1993. His research interests are in the general area of computer system, specifically concentrating on wireless
networking, software defind/cognitive radio, and streerable antennas. He is currently a postdoc in the Computer Science department
at the University of Calorado at Boulder pursuing research related to software defined radio and new MAC protocols for steerable
phase array antennas.
Anmol Sheth is a Ph.D. student in Computer Science at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He received his B.S. in Computer Science
from the University of Pune, India in 2001. He has been co-leading the development of the MANTIS operating system. He has
co-authored three papers include MAC layer protocol design, energy-efficient wireless communication, and adapting communications
to mobility.
Dirk Grunwald received his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois in 1989 and joined the University of Colorado the same year. His work
addresses research and teaching in the broad area of “computer systems”, which includes computer architecture, operating systems,
networks, and storage systems. His interests also include issues in pervasive computing, novel computing models, and enjoying
the mountains. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science and in Electrical and Computer
Engineering and is also the Director of the Colorado Center for Information Storage.
John Bennett is a Professor of Computer Science with a joint appointment in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Colorado
at Boulder. He also serves as Associate Dean for Education in the College of Engineering and Applied Science. He joined the
CU-Boulder faculty in 2000, after serving on the faculty of Rice University for 11 years. While at Rice, Bennett pioneered
a course in engineering design for both engineering and non-engineering students that has been emulated at several universities
and high schools. In addition to other teaching awards, Bennett received the Keck Foundation National Award for Engineering
Teaching Excellence for his work on this course. Bennett received his Ph.D. in 1988 from the University of Washington. Prior
to completing his doctoral studies, he was a U.S. Naval Officer for several years and founded and served as President of Pacific
Mountain Research, Inc., where he supervised the design and development of a number of commercial computing systems. Bennett's
primary research interests are broadly focused in the area of distributed systems, and more narrowly in distributed information
management and distributed robotic macrosensors. 相似文献
37.
Mixed thin films of (CdO)1−x(PbO)x and (CdS)1−x(PbS)x (x=0.25) were prepared on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis technique for various substrate temperatures 300, 320 and 340 °C. Structural and optical properties were studied. XRD studies reveal the formation of mixed films. The substrate temperature of 340 °C seems to be critical for the formation of CdO-PbO mixed films. It is observed that (CdS)1−x(PbS)x mixed films were formed at all the three substrate temperatures. The direct band gap value of (CdO)1−x(PbO)x and (CdS)1−x(PbS)x mixed films is about 2.6 and 2.37 eV, respectively. 相似文献
38.
A. Hansen M.H. Jensen K. Sneppen G. Zocchi 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1998,6(1):157-161
We present a statistical mechanics treatment of the stability of globular proteins which takes explicitly into account the
coupling between the protein and water degrees of freedom. This allows us to describe both the cold and the warm unfolding,
thus qualitatively reproducing the known thermodynamics of proteins.
Received: 19 March 1998 / Revised and Accepted: 25 May 1998 相似文献
39.
Li-Chien Lin 《Optics Communications》2006,258(2):144-154
We examine perfect recovery in the optical encryption system based on joint transform correlator architecture, which requires the key mask to be space-limited and phase-only in the frequency domain. Accordingly, a discrete sinc function interpolation is used to generate a binary phase difference mask for image encryption and decryption. Furthermore, the optimal binary phase difference mask is derived from the interpolation process best approximating the ideal sinc function interpolation. The simulation results confirm better recovery of the decrypted image for applying the proposed key masks to the optical encryption system. Especially, the optimal binary phase difference mask significantly enhances the recovery performance. 相似文献
40.
B\'{e}zier曲面有两种不同的形式:三角B\'{e}zier曲面和四边B\'{e}zier曲面,它们有着不同的基底和不同的几何拓扑结构, 但是它们也有很多共同的性质,因此三角B\'{e}zier曲面和四边B\'{e}zier曲面之间的相互转化就成为CAGD 里一个重要研究课题.在本文中, 我们用函数复合的方法实现两者之间的相互转化.被复合的两个函数, 一个用Polar形式表示,另一个用常见的Bernstein基形式表示. 相似文献