The influence of substrate material and annealing procedure on the properties of superconducting thin films

Thin layers YBa₂Cu₃O_7–x. are deposited by a laser ablation technique using a pulsed excimer laser operating at 308 nm. The influence of the substrate material and the annealing procedure on the superconducting behaviour of the 123 film and the reactions between the film and the substrate are studied by resistance, X-ray patterns and TEM measurements. The best results are obtained for deposition on (100) SrTiO₃ substrates. The resistance of the 1 m thick film shows a metallic behaviour, an onset in superconductivity at a temperature of 90 K, and has zero resistance at 86 K. The 123 material has a preferential oriented c-axis perpendicular to the surface plane.     

C_(74)的结构、电子光谱及三阶线性光学性质的理论研究

用密度泛函（DFT）方法（BLYP/3－21G~*）研究了C_(74)的稳定几何构型。用 ZINDO及ab initio GIS两种方法对C_(74)的电子光谱进行了计算，预测C_(74)在红 外区域有光谱吸收。计算了C_(74)的三阶非线性光学系数<γ>为1.483 * 10~(-32) esu，它比C_(60)的<γ>（8.84 * 10~(-34) esu）要大得多。预测C_(74)亦将是 一种有很好应用前景的磁性材料。     

Determination of degree of conversion as a function of depth of a photo-initiated dental restoration composite—III application to commercial Prodigy Condensable™

In this third work, we evaluated the degree of conversion (DC) versus depth of dental filling composite named Prodigy Condensable™ using infrared spectroscopy. Confirming previous results, there was a gradual reduction of DC with increasing depth but the composite exhibited extreme values of DC, an upper value (45.9%) on the surface and a lower one (6.1%) at a depth of 5 mm. The composite presented the worst performance among materials studied. The composite formulation was 80% of inorganic fillers and BisfenolA/dimethacrylate (BisGMA) (18%)/triethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (TEGDMA) (2.0%) as monomers. As stated before, type/ratio/viscosity of monomers and type, amount, size and size distribution of fillers all together had an important role in the cure reaction contributing to the final performance of the composite.     

One-step synthesis of the chelate oxides of bis(trialkylantimony) by an oxidative method

The chelate oxides of bis(trimethylantimony) (Me₃SbL¹)₂O (i = 1 or 2, L¹-acetylacetonate, L² - trifluoroacetylacetonate) and bis(triethylantimony) (Et₃SbL¹)₂O have been obtained in 79–85% yields by a one-step oxidation of trialkylantimony withtertbutylhydroperoxide in the presence of -diketones in benzene at 20 °C.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 154–155, January, 1995.This work was carried out with financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 94-03-08846).     

Polynitro-substitutedN-alkylalkaneimidoyl chlorides

The reaction of -fluorosubstituted polynitroalkylaldimines with HCl results in replacement of the fluorine atom by a chlorine atom. The hitherto unknown -chlorosubstituted polynitroalkylaldimines have been obtained, and their X-ray structural investigation has been performed.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 440–443, March, 1994.     

C74(BN)2的UV和IR 光谱研究

Equilibrium geometries of 16 possible isomers for C74（BN）2 were studied by INDO series of methods, to indicate that the most stable three geometries are those where boron and nitrogen atoms substitute carbon atoms located at the same hexagon near the longest axis of C78 （C2v） to form B-N-B-N unit. Electronic spectra of C74（BN）2 were investigated with INDO/CIS method. The reason for the red shift of UV absorptions for C74（BN）2 compared with those of C78 （C2v） was discussed. IR spectra for 9,8,28,29-C74（BN）2 and 28,29,30,31-C74（BN）2 were calculated on the basis of AM1 geometries.     

In-capillary micro solid-phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis separation of heterocyclic aromatic amines with nanospray mass spectrometric detection

A miniaturised technique to analyse and detect heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAs) using micro solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled on-line (in-capillary) to capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation with nanospray (nESI) mass spectrometry (MS) detection has been developed. HAs are mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds formed at low levels in protein-rich food during cooking. Due to the low concentrations of HAs and the high complexity of the matrix in which they exist, sensitive and selective analytical methods are required for quantification. SPE was performed on a packed bed of C₁₈ particles inside the CE capillary, which minimised the dead volume. The on-line coupling of SPE, CE and nESI-MS reduced the time for extraction and identification to less than half an hour, which will allow for screening of several samples per day. The new technique provides short analysis time, low sample and solvent consumption, and HAs in standard solutions were easily detected at 12–17 fmol injections, and in spiked urine samples at 750–810 fmol injections.     

多位LED串行显示电路设计与应用

74HC595A芯片具有串行输入、并行输出功能,利用该集成电路可设计多位LED(发光二极管)串行显示电路。文中介绍了利用该芯片设计的12位LED串行显示电路,详细说明了该电路的工作原理及编程思路,并给出了参考程序。该电路只占用单片机3根口线,较并行显示方式极大地节省了系统资源,已在实际系统中得到应用。     

Water confined in two-dimensions: Fundamentals and applications

The behavior of water in close proximity to other materials under ambient conditions is of great significance due to its importance in a broad range of daily applications and scientific research. The structure and dynamics of water at an interface or in a nanopore are often significantly different from those of its bulk counterpart. Until recently, experimental access to these interfacial water structures was difficult to realize. The advent of two-dimensional materials, especially graphene, and the availability of various scanning probe microscopies were instrumental to visualize, characterize and provide fundamental knowledge of confined water. This review article summarizes the recent experimental and theoretical progress in a better understanding of water confined between layered Van der Waals materials. These results reveal that the structure and stability of the hydrogen bonded networks are determined by the elegant balance between water-surface and water-water interactions. The water-surface interactions often lead to structures that differ significantly from the conventional bilayer model of natural ice. Here, we review the current knowledge of water adsorption in different environments and intercalation within various confinements. In addition, we extend this review to cover the influence of interfacial water on the two-dimensional material cover and summarize the use of these systems in potential novel applications. Finally, we discuss emerged issues and identify some flaws in the present understanding.     

Solvability and continuous dependence results for second order nonlinear evolution inclusions with a Volterra-type operator

The paper deals with second order nonlinear evolution inclusions and their applications. We study evolution inclusions involving a Volterra-type integral operator, which are considered within the framework of an evolution triple of spaces. First, we deliver a result on the unique solvability of the Cauchy problem for the inclusion by combining a surjectivity result for multivalued pseudomonotone operators and the Banach contraction principle. Next, we provide a theorem on the continuous dependence of the solution to the inclusion with respect to the operators involved in the problem. Finally, we consider a dynamic frictional contact problem of viscoelasticity for materials with long memory and indicate how the result on evolution inclusion is applicable to the model of the contact problem.