伯努利定理适用条件分析

本文分析了以理想流体的运动微分方程推导伯努利定理时所利用的限制条件,对有势力作用下不可压缩流动的流场中应用伯努利定理的矢径微分量、速度、涡量之间的关系进行了深入讨论. 分析结果表明当流动为无旋流动或螺旋流时,伯努利常数在流场各点取相同值;伯努利常数在流涡面上各点取值相等,沿流线或涡线积分均为在流涡面上积分的特殊情况.     

A qualitative study on the pulsatile flow phenomenon in a dense fly ash pneumatic conveyor

Understanding of the dynamic particulate flow structures within a dense gas-fly ash pneumatic conveyor must be improved in order to better aid its design guidance.The complex pulsatile movement of the gas-fly ash mixture dominates the flow performance within the pipeline,and historically,non-invasive measurement devices such as the electrical capacitance tomography（ECT） were often used to sufficiently capture the flow dynamics.However,inadequate studies have been conducted on the pulsatile flow phenomenon,which directly relate to the gas-fly ash two-phase flow performance.This paper aims to investigate the pulsatile flows using an ECT device.Initially,pulsatile flow patterns under various experimental conditions were obtained through ECT.Pulses within a flow were then characterised into pulse growth and decay segments,which represent the superficial fluidisation and deaeration processes during conveying.Subsequently,structural and statistical analyses were performed on the pulse growth and decay segments.Results suggested that the increasing air mass flow rate led to the decrease of the superficial fluidisation/deaeration magnitude,however,the increase of the superficial fluidisation/deaeration durations.Also,the air mass flow rate was indicated as the dominant factor in determining the pulsing statistical parameters.This research provides fundamental insights for further modelling the dense fly ash pneumatic flows.     

一种模拟气液两相流的格子波尔兹曼改进模型

基于格子波尔兹曼自由能模型,提出了一种模拟黏性流场中大密度比气液两相流的改进模型. 为了提高模型的精度,在原始模型的基础上计入了邻近点间粒子数密度的传递速率控制,考虑了碰撞项的差分松弛;为了避免两相间大密度比造成的数值不稳定问题,分别采用六点和九点差分格式求解?和?2. 同时,与传统格子波尔兹曼方法不同,实现了由单步碰撞操作到两步操作的转化. 通过对无重力场中气泡的模拟及与已有模型的计算结果的对比分析,表明该模型具有更高的数值精度. 成功模拟了重力作用下,单个上浮气泡的形变和尾涡形成过程,以及水平和竖直方向上两个气泡的相互作用过程,并验证了其质量守恒和体积不可压缩性.      

一种投影浸入边界法的快速直接求解方法

根据投影浸入边界法分步投影求解的特点,同时针对压力泊松方程离散后的大型稀疏线性方程组是非奇异非对称的特点,结合开源函数库UMFPACK,在传递线性方程组的系数矩阵和右端向量时,采用函数库Eigen将系数矩阵的数据结构改写优化,大大降低了存储空间,实现对高维大型稀疏线性方程组的快速求解,同时求解保持良好的稳定性。本文首先利用一具有解析解的数值算例验证了求解泊松方程数值方法的准确性和网格依赖性,进而利用VC++编写投影浸入边界法的数值计算程序,以单圆柱绕流为基准数值算例,通过与其他文献和实验结果的对比,验证了投影浸入边界法数值计算结果的可靠性,并进一步分析了不同雷诺数下圆柱绕流的流场结构特征和尾涡结构的动态演化过程。     

高超声速飞行流场中的最大氧离解度分析

针对大气层内高超声速飞行时的化学非平衡现象,建立了沿驻点线流动的空气中氧离解度的计算模型. 模型假设氮气在氧气未充分离解时不发生离解,并且不涉及边界层内的复合反应. 理论计算发现,空气中氧的离解度随飞行高度的增加呈先增后减的非单调变化规律,其原因是由于化学反应平衡移动与非平衡效应相互作用的结果. 这一结论得到了数值模拟结果的验证,同时也解释了文献中当飞行高度较高时真实气体效应减弱的现象. 基于驻点线的近似理论模型,计算得到了轴对称钝头体绕流流场中的最大氧离解度及边界层外缘温度随飞行速度和高度变化的等值线图谱,相关结果可以为工程设计所用.      

基于能量法的载流单层碳纳米管振动特性研究

以非局部弹性理论为基础,考虑了碳纳米管的小尺度效应;采用欧拉-伯努利梁模型,基于能量法给出了载流单层碳纳米管的振动频率近似解;并通过具体算例,应用振动频率近似解公式求解了悬臂单层纳米管的频率值,进而研究了管内流体流速、碳纳米管小尺度参数对悬臂梁一阶振动频率及振型的影响,并将得到的结论与已有文献的结果进行比较,证明了振动频率近似解的正确性。     

格子Boltzmann方法分析气泡的运动及其相互作用

利用格子Boltzmann方法对气泡在液体中的运动规律及相互作用的气液两相流问题进行了研究;采用了基于自由能模型且适用于大密度比多相流问题的Z-S-C模型,计算模拟了处于不可压缩流体中的气泡在浮力作用下的运动特性;通过算例验证了Z-S-C模型的可行性;研究了不同放置位置两气泡的运动形态及其相互作用情况,分别分析了沿y方向同轴放置的两气泡间距变化对合并过程和沿x方向并列放置的两气泡的间距变化对气泡相互作用的影响。结果表明:两气泡的初始间距在一定范围内时,初始间距对上升过程中气泡间的相互作用具有重要影响;当初始间距超过一定量值时,上升过程中两气泡相互独立,不存在相互作用。     

斜齿轮弹流润滑下的接触疲劳寿命计算

经典齿轮接触疲劳强度理论是基于光滑表面赫兹干接触理论,而实际齿面具有粗糙度,且啮合轮齿多数处于混合润滑状态.本文基于齿轮润滑接触分析建立了渐开线斜齿轮的接触疲劳寿命计算模型.模型由齿轮润滑接触分析模型和基于次表面应力分布的疲劳寿命模型组成.首先将斜齿圆柱齿轮一对齿的瞬时啮合等效为两反向圆锥的接触问题,建立了齿轮的有限长弹流润滑计算模型,考虑了齿轮啮合周期内瞬时载荷、接触线长、卷吸速度等因素的影响,基于统一雷诺方程方法求得啮合齿对间的润滑压力和油膜厚度分布;在此基础上,计算轮齿接触区次表面的米歇斯应力分布,根据Zaretsky接触疲劳寿命计算模型,对齿轮组的接触疲劳寿命进行模拟预测.针对不同工况参数下接触疲劳寿命计算表明:润滑油黏度、轮齿表面粗糙度等因素对齿面接触疲劳寿命均有显著的影响.     

Analytical solution of a double moving boundary problem for nonlinear flows in one-dimensional semi-infinite long porous media with low permeability简

Based on Huang＇s accurate tri-sectional nonlin- ear kinematic equation （1997）, a dimensionless simplified mathematical model for nonlinear flow in one-dimensional semi-infinite long porous media with low permeability is presented for the case of a constant flow rate on the inner boundary. This model contains double moving boundaries, including an internal moving boundary and an external mov- ing boundary, which are different from the classical Stefan problem in heat conduction： The velocity of the external moving boundary is proportional to the second derivative of the unknown pressure function with respect to the distance parameter on this boundary. Through a similarity transfor- mation, the nonlinear partial differential equation （PDE） sys- tem is transformed into a linear PDE system. Then an ana- lytical solution is obtained for the dimensionless simplified mathematical model. This solution can be used for strictly checking the validity of numerical methods in solving such nonlinear mathematical models for flows in low-permeable porous media for petroleum engineering applications. Finally, through plotted comparison curves from the exact an- alytical solution, the sensitive effects of three characteristic parameters are discussed. It is concluded that with a decrease in the dimensionless critical pressure gradient, the sensi- tive effects of the dimensionless variable on the dimension- less pressure distribution and dimensionless pressure gradi- ent distribution become more serious; with an increase in the dimensionless pseudo threshold pressure gradient, the sensi- tive effects of the dimensionless variable become more serious; the dimensionless threshold pressure gradient （TPG） has a great effect on the external moving boundary but has little effect on the internal moving boundary.     

Linear stability of a fluid channel with a porous layer in the center简

We perform a Poiseuille flow in a channel linear stability analysis of a inserted with one porous layer in the centre, and focus mainly on the effect of porous filling ratio. The spectral collocation technique is adopted to solve the coupled linear stability problem. We investigate the effect of permeability, σ, with fixed porous filling ratio ψ = 1/3 and then the effect of change in porous filling ratio. As shown in the paper, with increasing σ, almost each eigenvalue on the upper left branch has two subbranches at ψ = 1/3. The channel flow with one porous layer inserted at its middle （ψ = 1/3） is more stable than the structure of two porous layers at upper and bottom walls with the same parameters. By decreasing the filling ratio ψ, the modes on the upper left branch are almost in pairs and move in opposite directions, especially one of the two unstable modes moves back to a stable mode, while the other becomes more instable. It is concluded that there are at most two unstable modes with decreasing filling ratio ψ. By analyzing the relation between ψ and the maximum imaginary part of the streamwise phase speed, Cimax, we find that increasing Re has a destabilizing effect and the effect is more obvious for small Re, where ψ a remarkable drop in Cimax can be observed. The most unstable mode is more sensitive at small filling ratio ψ, and decreasing ψ can not always increase the linear stability. There is a maximum value of Cimax which appears at a small porous filling ratio when Re is larger than 2 000. And the value of filling ratio 0 corresponding to the maximum value of Cimax in the most unstable state is increased with in- creasing Re. There is a critical value of porous filling ratio （= 0.24） for Re = 500; the structure will become stable as ψ grows to surpass the threshold of 0.24; When porous filling ratio ψ increases from 0.4 to 0.6, there is hardly any changes in the values of Cimax. We have also observed that the critical Reynolds number is especially sensitive for small ψ where the fastest drop is observed, and there may be a wide range in which the porous filling ratio has less effect on the stability （ψ ranges from 0.2 to 0.6 at σ = 0.002）. At larger permeability, σ, the critical Reynolds number tends to converge no matter what the value of porous filling ratio is.