欢迎订阅《理化检验-化学分册》电子期刊

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甲醛分子的结构和性质的计算化学研究——介绍一个计算化学实验

介绍一个为化学专业本科生设计的、运用通用量子化学软件Gaussian和GaussView完成的计算化学实验.实验内容包括最基本的构型优化、频率计算和电子结构分析.旨在通过本实验,使学生初步掌握用量子化学计算方法研究分子结构和性质的基本过程,并能在将来的科研工作中学以致用.     

全印刷工艺制备聚合物OLED显示屏

详细探讨采用全印刷工艺,制备聚合物OLED显示屏的工艺流程和技术难点的克服。通过喷墨打印纳米银电子墨水制备金属阴极,完全避免了高温及真空工艺的使用。在显示屏制备过程中,我们成功研发由水/醇溶性共轭聚合物聚[9,9-二辛基芴-9,9-双(N,N-二甲基胺丙基)芴],与一种可固化的环氧树脂粘合剂共混形成的多功能缓冲层。此多功能缓冲层,一方面保护有机功能层,避免纳米阴电子墨水的侵蚀,另一方面提供必需的电子注入功能,使高功函银阴极可以有效地注入电子。通过研究表面能优化打印阴极的成型形貌,并克服工艺难点,所制得的96×3×64分辨率的单色和全彩色聚合物OLED显示屏无坏点/坏线,红、绿、蓝电流效率分别为0.62、4.38、0.93cd/A,色坐标分别为(0.63,0.37)、(0.39,0.57)、(0.18,0.16)。     

部分还原二氧化钛的NMR和EPR研究

Partially reduced TiO₂ nanomaterials have attracted significant interest because of their visible-light activity for catalysis and photodegradation. Herein, we prepared a partially reduced anatase TiO₂ (Re-A-TiO₂) nanoparticle material using a fast combustion method, demonstrating good activity toward decomposing methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The surface structure of the prepared material, after being surface-selectively ¹⁷O-labeled with H₂¹⁷O (¹⁷O-enriched water), was studied via ¹⁷O and ¹H solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and the obtained results were compared to those of non-reduced anatase TiO₂ (A-TiO₂). The EPR results showed that the concentrations of paramagnetic species (i.e., oxygen vacancies (OV) and Ti³⁺) in Re-A-TiO₂ were much higher than that in A-TiO₂, while the former was associated with a higher OV/Ti³⁺ ratio. The intensities of the EPR signals were significantly affected by the adsorbed water, and this phenomenon was explored in combination with ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The ¹H species on Re-A-TiO₂ appeared at larger chemical shifts, denoting the increased acidity of the sample, and these ¹H species on Re-A-TiO₂ were more difficult to remove than those on A-TiO₂. On the other hand, different features were observed for the signals arising from the two-coordinated oxygen atoms (μ₂-O) in ¹⁷O NMR, suggesting a typical anatase TiO₂(101) surface on A-TiO₂, but a more complex surface environment for Re-A-TiO₂. Furthermore, a larger amount of hydroxyl groups (OH) were observed on Re-A-TiO₂ compared to that on A-TiO₂, indicating a larger proportion of exposed (001) facets on Re-A-TiO₂. However, the μ₂-O signals broadened and became similar when the drying temperature was increased to 100 ℃, indicating a non-faceted anatase TiO₂ surface in such conditions. Based on the EPR and NMR results, a significant fraction of the OH species is believed to be formed from the reaction of the paramagnetic centers and adsorbed water molecules. The ¹H→¹⁷O cross polarization (CP) MAS and two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (2D HETCOR) NMR spectra were used to verify the spatial proximity of the hydrogen and oxygen species, confirming the spectral assignments of a strongly adsorbed water and one type of surface OH species. In particular, the ¹H NMR signals at approximately 11 ppm were ascribed to the hydrogen species in the intramolecular hydrogen bond. In summary, this study investigated the paramagnetic species and surface structure of anatase TiO₂ materials by combining EPR along with ¹H and ¹⁷O solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The differences in the surface structures of Re-A-TiO₂ and A-TiO₂ should be closely related to their different properties toward the photodegradation of methyl orange.     

PbTiO3/SrTiO3(010)异质界面上的周期性失配位错及电子富集

It is important to determine the effects of misfit dislocations and other defects on the domain structure, ferroelectricity, conductivity, and other physical properties of ferroelectric thin films to understand their ferroelectric and piezoelectric behaviors. Much attention has been given to ferroelectric PbTiO₃/SrTiO₃ or PbZr_0.2Ti_0.8O₃/SrTiO₃ heterointerfaces, at which improper ferroelectricity, a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas, and other physical phenomena have been found. However, those heterointerfaces were all (001) planes, and there has been no experimental studies on the growth of (010) PbTiO₃/SrTiO₃ heterointerface due to the 6.4% misfit between two materials. In this study, we selected an atomically flat (010) PbTiO₃/SrTiO₃ heterointerface grown using a two-step hydrothermal method as the research subject, and this is the first experimental report on that interface. Interfacial dislocations can play a significant role in causing dramatic changes in the Curie temperature and polarization distribution near the dislocation cores, especially when the size of a ferroelectric thin film is scaled down to the nanoscale. The results of previous studies on the effects of interfacial dislocations on the physical properties of ferroelectric thin films have been contradictory. Thus, this issue needs to be explored more deeply in the future. This study used aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to study the atomic structure of a (010) PbTiO₃/SrTiO₃ heterointerface and found periodic misfit dislocations with a Burgers vector of a[001]. The extra planes at the dislocation cores could relieve the misfit strain between the two materials in the [001] direction and thus allowed the growth of such an atomically sharp heterointerface. Moreover, monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy with an atomic scale spatial resolution and high energy resolution was used to explore the charge distribution near the periodic misfit dislocation cores. The fine structure of the Ti L edge was quantitatively analyzed by linearly fitting the experimental spectra recorded at various locations near and at the misfit dislocation cores with the Ti³⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ reference spectra. Therefore, the accurate valence change of Ti could be determined, which corresponded to the charge distribution. The probable existence of an aggregation of electrons was found near the a[001] dislocation cores, and the density of the electrons calculated from the valence change was 0.26 electrons per unit cell. Based on an analysis of the fine structure of the oxygen K edge, it could be argued that the electrons aggregating at the dislocation cores came from the oxygen vacancies in the interior regions of the PbTiO₃. This aggregation of electrons will probably increase the electron conductivity along the dislocation line. The physics of two-dimensional charge distributions at oxide interfaces have been intensively studied, however, little attention had been given to the one-dimensional charge distribution. Therefore, the results of this study can stimulate research interest in exploring the influence of the interfacial dislocations on the physics of ferroelectric heterointerfaces.     

基于S-型光催化机制CuInS2内嵌中空凹面氮化碳光催化分解H2O制H2（英文）

光催化解离H2O合成H2是绿色可再生的太阳能光子能量转换策略之一.目前,增强光催化材料对太阳能光子的捕获并将之有效利用仍然是一个具有挑战性的课题.光催化解离H2O反应包括三个过程:太阳能光子能量促使光生电子在半导体材料带隙中的跃迁;光生电子定向传输;光生电子与吸附在半导体材料表面的H2O分子发生反应.第一过程需要强的太阳光子捕获能力以产生足够的光生载流子;第二、三过程在动力学上反映了光生载流子在各个竞争过程中能否有效利用的问题,如光生电子迁移与H2O作用的速度很慢(~μs),而电子与空穴的复合速度快(~ps).目前研究者很难协调半导体材料的电学和光学特性以满足光生载流子在热力学和动力学两方面的要求.g-C3N4是由C、N原子通过sp2杂化组成的二维π共轭体系.当g-C3N4结构偏离二维平面时,共轭体系的π电子由凹面迁移到凸面,促使凹、凸面形成表观电势差,有利于电子的定向传输.本文通过卷曲sp2杂化离域均三嗪体系偏离二维平面,得到空心凹面g-C3N4结构,便捷地优化了半导体的电子结构.将CuInS2嵌入生长于空心g-C3N4的凹面,所构成的半导体光催化材料CuInS2@C3N4展现了增强的光捕获能力,以及电子定向传输转移能力.结合XPS、光电流测试、电化学阻抗谱、稳态及瞬态荧光等表征手段揭示空心g-C3N4凹、凸面表观电势差驱动光生电子以S-型光催化作用机制从CuInS2的Cu 2p向g-C3N4的N 1s的路径转移.因而,所构建的CuInS2@C3N4在可见光激发下产氢效率提高到373μmol·h^?1·g^?1,其产氢效率分别是二维平面g-C3N4负载1 wt%Pt和3 wt%Pd效率的1.57倍和1.35倍,表明空心g-C3N4凹、凸面电势差可以显著地促进光生电子分离和利用率,从而提高光催化解离水制氢效率.本文可增强g-C3N4的可持续太阳能转换性能,也适用于其他半导体材料以替代贵金属光催化体系,降低光催化产氢技术成本,促进光催化技术的应用.     

基于近红外光谱技术的电子烟油烟碱含量快速检测研究

烟碱是电子烟烟油中的主要成分,其含量决定了电子烟油的风味口感及产品的安全性。为了提高电子烟油烟碱含量的测量效率,该文采用近红外光谱技术和极限学习机回归(ELMR)建立了电子烟油烟碱含量的定量预测模型。实验结果表明：相比于传统的主成分回归(PCR)和偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型,所建立的ELMR预测模型的决定系数R2为0.926 2,远高于PCR预测模型的0.859 0和PLSR预测模型的0.860 4;同时,使用ELMR模型的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.026 8,小于PCR预测模型的0.043 1和PLSR预测模型的0.040 9。以上结果说明该文所建立的近红外光谱定量模型能够应用于烟碱含量的快速准确测量,为实现电子烟油烟碱含量的实时在线监测和其它质量参数的快速测量奠定了良好的基础。     

中国电子科技集团公司第二研究所

中国电子科技集团公司第二研究所,成立于1962年,专业从事电子工业专用生产设备研究开发.近年来,我所深入贯彻落实山西省国防科工办和集团公司的指示精神,以市场需求为主导,坚持强化自主创新,所的主业呈现出良好的发展势头,2006年全所总产值1.8亿元,连续5年保持了30%以上的增长速度,已成为国内电子专用设备主要供应商之一.     

拓展广阔分销市场铸造特色竞争优势

"术业有专攻",明确市场细分是企业发展的核心竞争力,因此作为电子产业半壁江山支撑者的分销渠道,成为推动产业高速发展不可或缺的一部分.国内的分销市场已近豆蔻年华,与整个产业一起成长起来的分销市场已经呈现出深层次的细分,授权分销商、独立分销商和目录分销商相继出现,并涌现出一批杰出的代表,共同描绘着电子产业链在国内的繁荣景象.     

选择可靠的渠道商至关重要

这无疑产生了一个很现实的问题,大量的中国电子产品生产企业必须放眼全球寻找自己的供货渠道.