核酸适配体在重金属检测中的应用研究

随着工业化生产的快速发展,由重金属离子带来的环境污染也越来越引起了人们的高度重视.科研人员通过不同的检测方法对重金属离子进行检测.由于核酸适配体对重金属离子的选择性较高,使得其在重金属检测中的应用越来越广.     

《化学实验室安全与环保手册》

本书针对高校教学和科研实验室的具体情况,着重从化学实验室的规范化管理和安全意识建立角度,从实验室安全的一般知识入手,系统地介绍了可能危及人员安全的易燃、易爆、有毒或有污染的物质及相关设备的安全使用方法;给出废弃物的处理原则与方法;推荐紧急事故的应急处置措施;并探讨实验室的信息化管理与信息安全保护方法。     

A New Tetranuclear Cobalt Cluster with （1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl）-methanol Synthesis and Crystal Structure

A new tetranuclear cluster [Co4(bm)6Cl2]·(H2O)2·(CH3OH)(1, Hbm is(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-methanol) has been synthesized by solvothermal method and structurally determined by IR, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 belongs to monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 21.1713(5), b = 12.7948(3), c = 24.0195(9) , β = 95.309(3)°, V = 6478.6(3) 3, Z = 4, F(000) = 2568, Dc = 1.289 g·cm–3, Mr = 1257.63, μ = 9.096 mm–1, S = 1.000, the final R = 0.0861 and wR = 0.2552 for 4956 observed reflections with I 2σ(I). Two connected face-sharing cubes are observed in the framework of 1, each with one vertex missing. Complex 1 forms a 2-D network through N–H···O hydrogen bonds. The apparent holes can be observed.     

Synthesis of Star-like Polybutadienes by a Combination of Living Anionic Polymerization and “Click” Coupling Method

Three-arm and four-arm star-like polybutadienes(PBds) were synthesized via the combination of living anionic polymerization and the click coupling method. Kinetic study showed that the click reaction between the azido group terminated PBd-t-N3 and the alkyne-containing multifunctional linking reagent was fast and highly efficient. All coupling reactions were fully accomplished within 40 min at 50 °C in toluene in the presence of the reducing agent Cu(0), proven by 1H-NMR, FTIR and GPC measurements. For the coupling reactions between the PBd-t-N3 polymer and dialkyne-containing compound, the final conversion of the coupled PBd-PBd polymer was ca. 97.0%. When a PBd-t-N3 polymer was reacted with trialkyne-containing or tetraalkyne-containing compound, the conversion of three-arm or four-arm PBd was around 95.5% or 87.0%, respectively. Several factors influencing the coupling efficiency were studied, including the molecular weight of the initial PBd-t-N3, arm numbers and the molar ratio of the azido group to the alkynyl group. The results indicated that the conversion of the target products would be promoted when the molecular weight of the PBd-t-N3 was low and the molar ratio of the azido to alkynyl groups was close to 1.     

罗氟司特的合成方法研究进展

罗氟司特是一种第二代磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂,是首个用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的新型药物,具有药效高、服用安全等优点和广阔的市场前景。本文综述了近年来国内外报道的罗氟司特的合成方法研究进展,并讨论了各方法的优缺点以期对其工业化生产提供依据。     

基于配位聚合物纳米材料的可控合成研究进展

本文围绕近年来基于配位聚合物的纳米材料可控合成的研究工作,包括配合物纳米材料和以其为前体制备各种氧化物、硫化物等半导体材料和磁性材料。总结了配合物纳米材料的制备主要有液相法、微乳法、扩散法、界面反应法、水热/溶剂热法、高温裂解法等及应用方面的研究进展,并展望了配合物纳米材料今后可能的发展方向。     

聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料制备的研究进展

综述了聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料制备研究中碳纳米管的修饰方法及其复合材料的制备方法。碳纳米管的修饰方法包括共价修饰和非共价修饰,两种方法都可以有效改善碳纳米管在聚氨酯中的分散性。然而,共价修饰法会削弱碳纳米管的强度,非共价修饰层则容易脱落。因此,人们发展出了复合修饰法。该复合材料中的制备方法包括溶液共混法、熔融混合法和原位聚合法。评述了未来的发展趋势,提出朝简单、环保的方向改进碳纳米管的修饰方法,形成系统化的碳纳米管分散性评价的量化标准,发展出适应复合材料工业化生产线的制备方法,将是今后研究的重点。     

α-Al_2O_3比表面积标准物质的研制

选择市售α-Al2O3粉体作为比表面积标准物质候选材料,采用交叉缩分方法对标准物质样品进行分装。检验结果表明α-Al2O3标准物质样品具有良好的均匀性和稳定性(18个月)。采用国际公认的氮气物理吸附BET方法,联合测量能力经过确认的8家实验室对α-Al2O3标准物质样品进行定值,标准值比表面积为5.47 m2/g,不确定度为0.22 m2/g(k=2)。     

线性响应和两种态特定方法模拟AF350电子跃迁的溶剂效应

在极化连续模型框架下比较了线性响应与两种不同态特定方法计算的溶液中Alexa Fluor 350(AF350)分子激发能和光谱移动值的差异. AF350的第一激发态S0→S1电子跃迁属于π→π^*跃迁, 主要对应于最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)到最低空轨道(LUMO)的跃迁. 该分子激发态偶极矩大于基态偶极矩, 激发态时溶质溶剂相互作用比基态时更强, 随着溶剂极性增大, 会发生光谱红移的现象. 与实验值相比, 线性响应和两种态特定方法均高估了激发能, 其中以IBSF(Improta-Barone-Scalmani-Frisch)方法得到的激发能最小, 矫正的基态反应场方法(cGSRF)得到的激发能最大. 对于光谱移动值, 3种方法与实验值相比都偏小, 线性响应方法(LR)计算出的误差最大, 而IBSF方法得到的结果与实验值最吻合, 是预测溶液中AF350分子激发能和光谱移动值最准确的方法. 对比了Marcus传统理论和基于约束平衡的非平衡溶剂化理论的结果, 发现后者得到的激发能和光谱移动值更接近于实验值.     

BaO∙4B2O3∙5H2O纳米材料的制备及其对聚丙烯阻燃性能的热分解动力学方法评价

Borate is considered one of the most important additives for improving the fire-resistance of combustible polymers because of its smoke suppression, low toxicity, and good thermal stability. However, the size of prepared borate is usually in the micrometer range, which makes it difficult to disperse in a polymer matrix, thus hindering its use as fire-retardant material. The preparation and application of borate nanomaterial as flame retardant is considered an effective method. However, the preparation of barium borate nanomaterials as flame retardant has not been reported. In this paper, nanosheets and nanoribbons with different sizes for a new barium borate BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O are prepared by hydrothermal method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The flame-retardant properties of polypropylene (PP)/BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O composites are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis methods and limited oxygen index (LOI) method. Considering the near TG mass losses and the near LOI values for PP with 10% prepared BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O nanosheet and nanoribbon, their flame-retardant properties need to be further evaluated by non-isothermal decomposition kinetic method. The apparent activation energy for this decomposition reaction was obtained from the slope by plotting ln(β/T_p²) against 1/T_p according to Kissinger's model. With the reduction of TG mass loss, increased heat absorption in DSC under N₂ atmosphere, increased apparent activation energy E_a for the thermal decomposition of PP/BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O composite as well as increased LOI value, the flame-retardant performance of prepared BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O samples with PP gradually improved from bulk to nanoribbon to nanosheet. This can be attributed to the decrease in the size of BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O samples because the smaller sample size leads to improved dispersion and increased contact area with the polymer. The flame-retardant mechanism is discussed by analyzing the after-flame chars of the PP/BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O composite in SEM images, which show that the char layer is more compact and continuous for the PP/BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O nanosheet composite. The influence of loading BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O nanomaterials on the mechanical properties of PP is also tested using a universal material testing machine, in which the PP/BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O nanosheet composite has higher tensile strength. The PP/BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O nanosheet composite has the best flame-retardant and mechanical properties, which is promising to be developed for the application as flame-retardant material.