真空中铝单丝电爆炸的实验研究

开展了铝单丝在负极性电流脉冲作用下电爆炸特性的研究.利用皮秒激光探针,搭建了阴影、纹影和干涉的光学诊断平台,得到了不镀膜铝丝典型的能量沉积过程,在电压崩溃时刻其沉积能量为2.4 eV/atom.为了增加金属丝内的沉积能量,开展了相同电参数及金属丝尺寸下的镀膜铝丝电爆炸实验,其沉积能量可达到5 eV/atom,实现了在电压崩溃之前铝丝完全气化(完全气化所需能量为4 eV/atom).阴影图像展示了高密度丝核区域的膨胀过程,不镀膜铝丝平均膨胀速度为2.2 km/s,而镀膜铝丝因为沉积能量大,其膨胀速度约为不镀膜铝丝的2.3倍,高密度区域膨胀速度为5 km/s.由于阴影不能反映低密度等离子体的膨胀,开展了平行双丝实验,通过测量自发光辐射,估算了低密度等离子体的膨胀速度.利用条纹相机拍摄了不镀膜铝丝电爆炸过程中自发光区域的图像.纹影图像清晰地展示了不镀膜铝丝在电爆炸过程中形成的核冕结构,而镀膜铝丝电爆炸过程中核冕结构得到了一定程度的抑制.从干涉图像计算了相移,在轴对称假设下对相移进行阿贝尔逆变换,重构了三维的铝原子数密度分布.     

Bidirectional Mapping between a Biphoton Polarization State and a Single-Photon Two-Qubit State

How to manipulate （operate or measure） single photons efficiently and simply is the basic problem in optical quantum information processing. We first present an efficient scheme to transform a biphoton polarization state to a corresponding single-photon state encoded by its polarization and spatial modes. This single-photon state carries both the information of the controlled and target photons. It will make the realization of bipartite positive- operator-valued measurements efficiently and simply. Moreover, the inverse transformation from the single-photon state back to the corresponding biphoton polarization state is also proposed. Using both the transformations, the realization of the arbitrary two-qubit unitary operation is simple with an M-Z interferometer. All the schemes are feasible with the current experimental technology.     

电弧放电等离子体诱导激波的计算

基于电弧放电物理过程,分析气动激励机理,建立用于电弧放电等离子体诱导激波数值模拟的爆炸丝传热模型.主要结论有:电弧放电等离子体气动激励的主要机理是热等离子体的热阻塞效应,热电弧放电对于超声速来流而言就像-个具有-定斜坡角度的虚拟突起;理论分析只适用于纵坐标较小的阶段;当传热的功率设为放电功率的10%时,本文所建立的模型能够用于电弧放电等离子体诱导激波的仿真研究;等离子体虚拟斜坡角度及其诱导激波角都随来流总压和速度的增大而减小,随着放电功率的增大而增大,在总压、速度和放电功率较小的阶段这种变化较明显,在总压、速度和放电功率较大的阶段这种变化较缓慢.     

双爆炸膜内壳层光电离X射线激光实验研究

报道了Pd-NaF,Pd-Cu,Ag-NaF和Ag-Cu耦合双爆炸膜内壳层光电离X射线激光的实验方法和一些实验结果。结果表明,在本实验条件下,激光加热NaF或Cu靶产生的1keV区的光子,可以增强Pd或Ag等离子体中类-Cu离子的3d¹⁰4p-3d⁹4s²软X射线发射的强度,但不足以形成X射线激光的输出。 关键词：     

Optimal approach to rotational state reconstruction of linear molecules

We present a simulation for the reconstruction of the rotational quantum state of linear molecules to retrieve the density matrix. An optimal approach in the sense of minimal error limit is proposed, in which a variable set of angular frequency is properly chosen and the least square inversion is then applied. This approach of reconstruction from time-dependent molecular-axis angular distribution is proved adaptable for various object states, which has a good numerical stability independent of the selected rotational space.     

自力更生铸起核盾

我于1950年春从美国回到祖国参加社会主义建设。1955年,我国决定发展原子能事业。我有幸从那时起就参加了这一事业,虽然40多年来工作岗位几经变动,但仍一直在核技术领域学习和工作。     

Application of three-mode Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state with continuous variables to teleportation

We consider how to teleport two- and three-mode Einstein--Podolsky--Rosen entangled states (|\eta> and | p_t,\chi₂,\chi₃>) via a | p_t,\chi₂,\chi₃> quantum channel for continuous variables. Using the complete and orthogonal representation of the entangled states, we can not only find the a complete basis set for the joint measurement but also propose the specific scheme of teleportation. Our calculation can be greatly simplified by using their Schmidt decompositions.     

Realistic teleportation of coherent states using squeezed vacuum states

This paper presents a realistic scheme for the teleportation of coherent states in which a two-mode squeezed vacuum state serves as the quantum channel and the position-sum and momentum-difference of two local modes serve as the measuring observables. The average fidelity of the teleportation of coherent states is derived for finite squeezing parameters and it turns out that fidelity greater than 1/2 cannot be achieved by using a classical channel alone and the probability distribution of the measurement result is a Gaussian distribution around the unknown parameter of the input coherent state with a width given by the squeezing parameter.     

加速器电水锤数值模拟与实验研究

强流加速器水介质形成线放电或击穿形成的冲击波对陶瓷真空界面具有破坏作用。为获得该冲击载荷的信息,应用通用软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了一种水下爆炸有限元模型,将电弧放电等效为爆炸源,模拟得到了冲击波传播时序、压力历史曲线及陶瓷板的加速度响应;为验证模型的有效性,应用"针-板"电极水开关在输出电脉冲40～50 ns、幅值100～300 kV可调的10级陡化前沿Marx发生器上开展了电水锤缩比实验研究。实测了不同击穿电压下冲击波峰压、波速和主脉冲宽度,并依据经验公式计算了放电沉积能量和冲击波能量,平均约17%的间隙放电能量转换为冲击波机械能。对冲击波能量与峰压关系进行了拟合,并与数值模拟结果进行了比较,二者变化趋势基本一致,量级上吻合较好。     

斜坡补偿电流模式控制开关变换器的动力学建模与分析

降压型、升压型和升压-降压型DC-DC变换器是应用广泛的基本开关DC-DC变换器.电流模式控制开关DC-DC变换器在较宽的电路参数范围内具有两个边界,基于开关切换前后电感电流的上升和下降斜率,建立了斜坡补偿电流模式控制开关DC-DC变换器的统一模型.该模型进行无量纲归一化处理后只有三个参数,可有效展示开关DC-DC变换器在电感电流连续传导模式(CCM)和电感电流不连续传导模式(DCM)时的动力学特性.利用此模型,导出了轨道状态发生转移时的两个分界线方程,由此确定了开关DC-DC变换器的稳定周期1域、CCM鲁棒混沌域和DCM弱混沌强阵发域三个工作状态区域.开关DC-DC变换器二维参数映射图和电流模式控制降压型DC-DC变换器的电路实验观察验证了由两条分界线划分工作状态域的正确性.