大尺度大气运动方程组解的一些性质——定常外源强迫下的非线性适应

本文从大尺度大气运动方程组出发,讨论了定常外源强迫下大气系统的长期行为。建立了基本的泛函空间和算子方程,证明了解的存在唯一性定理,在此基础上讨论了整体吸收集以及其中的不变点集的存在性。揭示了系统向外源的非线性适应过程。     

中国内陆大气颗粒物的搬运、沉积及反映的气候变化——Ⅰ.现代大气气溶胶

分析了中国内陆3个地点尘暴和非尘暴期间大气颗粒物中17种微量元素的浓度-粒度分布。表明这些地点的大气颗粒物主要由矿物气溶胶(即粉尘)组成。对黄土高原上空非尘暴大气微量元素的统计分析,导出粗粒子主要有两种来源——土壤粉尘和被污染的粉尘,细粒子的两种来源是土壤粉尘和人为污染物。在年尺度上,粉尘对黄土高原的大气干输入主要取决于非尘暴过程。利用清除系数估算的粉尘湿沉积通量只占总沉积的4％—11％。     

臭氧催化分解异相反应新机理

极地云表面上的异相反应在春季南极臭氧空洞形成中起关键作用。本文主要介绍了极地云表面上异相反应两个机理 ,其中的新机理同样适用于另外一些凝聚相和表面体系中的异相反应。     

大气痕量气体NO_2的研究

为了测量大气中NO_2的含量,我们研制了自动太阳光谱光度仪。在地面遥感测量太阳直射光谱的4470—4490波段,从辐射传输方程及极大相似法,导出了大气中NO_2的含量。而大气中NO_2的浓度,在北京郊区测量了数月。本文对测量结果进行了讨论。     

通过脱碳控制全球平均温度

Establishing a reliable method to predict the global mean temperature (T_e) is of great importance because CO₂ reduction activities require political and global cooperation and significant financial resources. The current climate models all seem to predict that the earth's temperature will continue to increase, mainly based on the assumption that CO₂ emissions cannot be lowered significantly in the foreseeable future. Given the earth's multifactor climate system, attributing atmospheric CO₂ as the only cause for the observed temperature anomaly is most likely an oversimplification; the presence of water (H₂O) in the atmosphere should at least be considered. As such, T_e is determined by atmospheric water content controlled by solar activity, along with anthropogenic CO₂ activities. It is possible that the anthropogenic CO₂ activities can be reduced in the future. Based on temperature measurements and thermodynamic data, a new model for predicting T_e has been developed. Using this model, past, current, and future CO₂ and H₂O data can be analyzed and the associated T_e calculated. This new, esoteric approach is more accurate than various other models, but has not been reported in the open literature. According to this model, by 2050, T_e may increase to 15.5 ℃ under "business-as-usual" emissions. By applying a reasonable green technology activity scenario, T_e may be reduced to approximately 14.2 ℃. To achieve CO₂ reductions, the scenario described herein predicts a CO₂ reduction potential of 513 gigatons in 30 years. This proposed scenario includes various CO₂ reduction activities, carbon capturing technology, mineralization, and bio-char production; the most important CO₂ reductions by 2050 are expected to be achieved mainly in the electricity, agriculture, and transportation sectors. Other more aggressive and plausible drawdown scenarios have been analyzed as well, yielding CO₂ reduction potentials of 1051 and 1747 gigatons, respectively, in 30 years, but they may reduce global food production. It is emphasized that the causes and predictions of the global warming trend should be regarded as open scientific questions because several details concerning the physical processes associated with global warming remain uncertain. For example, the role of solar activities coupled with Milankovitch cycles are not yet fully understood. In addition, other factors, such as ocean CO₂ uptake and volcanic activity, may not be negligible.     

微波大气吸收衰减特性分析及分层数值算法

 给出了微波在大气中传输受气体分子吸收导致衰减的较精确计算模型，该模型扩展了传统计算模式忽略温度、湿度、压力变化及传播距离受限制的近似算法。结合我国某地区的实测气象数据模拟计算了该地区的大气吸收衰减，最后根据数值计算结果分析了微波随频率、发射角度以及月份（季度）变化的传播特性，并简要说明了此研究在微波遥感中的实际意义。     

大气等离子体变去除函数加工方法研究

传统的接触式加工不可避免地会在光学元件上产生亚表层损伤,而大气等离子体抛光(APPP)具有非接触、可定量去除、加工过程不受材料性能影响等优点,在光学加工领域有着巨大的应用潜力。但在实际加工过程中,光学元件加工后的收敛效果并不明显,经验证明去除量随驻留时间的变化呈非线性而导致了加工误差。针对这一问题,首先优化了加工参数;之后研究了加工原理以及加工残余物对后续加工的影响,分析了加工存在非线性效应的原因;提出了一种基于变去除函数的驻留时间算法,并进行了实验验证。结果显示,对尺寸为120 mm×65 mm×10 mm的熔石英光学元件进行变去除函数加工实验,面形峰谷值(PV)的平均收敛率由加工前的21.41%提升至加工后的60.52%,面形均方根值(RMS)的平均收敛率由加工前的24.13%提升至加工后的74.79%,实现了熔石英元件的高精度快速加工,验证了变去除函数加工的有效性。     

利用双Gamma大气闪烁模型分析激光告警探测概率

针对激光告警系统属于小孔径、远距离弱信号和高探测概率探测的特点,分析和研究了大气湍流造成的激光信号的闪烁影响模型,探讨了大气闪烁效应对激光告警探测概率的影响规律.结合激光告警探测器的信号探测原理和探测器噪声分析,基于Andrews双随机起伏调制理论推导了适用于中、强大气闪烁双Gamma模型的激光信号大气传输和信号探测理论模型.根据仿真计算和结果分析指出,激光告警系统的探测概率不但是与探测器功率信噪比、探测器噪声、环境背景噪声和系统功率阈值等因素密切相关的综合函数,而且大气路径的闪烁效应也对激光告警系统的探测概率有明显影响.     

大气采样器检定规程探讨及修订建议

通过对大气采样器流量示值误差进行计量检定发现,是否有吸收负栽检定结果差别较大,而计量检定规程并没有详细说明,因此对大气采样器检定规程进行了探讨并提出修改建议.     

α-蒎烯大气化学反应的研究进展

概述了国内外有关α-蒎烯的大气化学反应的研究进展．主要介绍了α-蒎烯与OH自由基、O3分子、NO3自由基的气相反应的机理及其产物以及形成二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的研究现状,还对α-蒎烯未来的研究动向等进行了阐述．