激光陀螺用压电陶瓷材料的制备与研究

通过文献调研设计了压电陶瓷配方,使用传统固相法制备目标压电陶瓷以达到大应变要求,以应用于激光陀螺激光稳频器中,通过r(Zr)/r(Ti)系列实验可得r(Zr)/r(Ti)=46/54组成在1 180℃烧结时获得最佳的压电介电性能,即压电常数d33≈640pC/N,弹性刚度系数cE11=60.61GPa,相对介电常数εT33/ε0≈3 300,介电损耗tanδ≈1.85%,机电耦合系数kp=0.655,居里温度TC=272℃。X线衍射(XRD)分析确认相界组成为r(Zr)/r(Ti)=46/54,扫描电镜(SEM)表明烧结温度对陶瓷晶粒尺寸有显著影响,在1 180~1 200℃之间晶粒尺寸显著增大。     

应用灰度直方图特征识别木材表面节子缺陷

木材表面节子是木材缺陷中非常重要的一类缺陷,也是评定木材外观等级、锯材和单板质量的重要指标。为了提高节子缺陷识别效率及准确性,并改善检测过程的自动化程度,对应用木材表面图像的灰度直方图统计特征进行节子缺陷识别进行研究。通过利用类间距离对7个统计特征的分类能力进行评价,从而确定出识别节子缺陷的最佳统计特征,即平滑度特征;同时提出一种自适应的最大类间方差聚类法进行分类阈值的确定,进而采用阈值判别实现节子缺陷识别。经在线检测实验证实,该方法的识别率高于99%。     

征文通知

征文主题:我国PCB产业的国际水平?目的:我国印制电路产业要做大做强!那么现在有多强大?与国际先进水平相比有多少差距?长处与短处?通过专家阐文发表看法,让我们行业的做大做强有个较清楚的目标。内容:(1)中国PCB生产规模与市场占有率;(2)中国PCB产品种类与技术水平;(3)中国PCB用基材(CCL、FCCL、铜箔、玻纤布与树脂等)产量与技术水平;(4)中国PCB专用材料与工具(油墨、干膜、     

Formal synthesis of（＋）-tashiromine and study toward the total synthesis of（＋）-stemoamide

An effcient formal synthesis of（＋）-tashiromine was achieved by employing an intermolecular asymmetric Mannich-type reaction as the key step.Concurrently,a novel approach toward the total synthesis of（＋）-stemoamide through dyotropic rearrangement of 3,4-cis-b-lactone was also explored.     

载银sod基纳米分子筛的合成及抗菌性能

采用两步法合成了 sod 基系列分子筛(EMT、FAU、SOD),并通过离子交换法引入 Ag⁺得到载银分子筛,通过 X 射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)证明离子交换前后分子筛骨架结构和晶粒尺寸没有发生明显变化;通过红外光谱(IR)、热重(TG)证明制得的载银分子筛具有良好的稳定性;对获得的载银分子筛进行了Ag⁺释放实验与抗菌能力测试,考察了分子筛种类和晶粒尺寸对抗菌性能的影响。结果表明具有笼状结构的FAU与EMT分子筛因可储存更多的Ag⁺而具有更好的抗菌性能,而具有超笼结构的 FAU 分子筛抗菌性能最优。通过对比不同晶粒尺寸载银 FAU 分子筛抗菌数据发现,晶粒尺寸为 100 nm 的载银FAU分子筛因外表面丰富的抗菌活性位点以及其内部可以储存并不断释放 Ag⁺而具有最优的抗菌性能和抗菌寿命。而晶粒尺寸为10 nm的载银FAU分子筛由于晶粒尺寸较小、外比表面积大、扩散路径短,Ag⁺的释放速率最快,抗菌效率最高。     

间氨基水杨酸修饰超高交联吸附树脂对酚类化合物的吸附行为

合成间氨基水杨酸修饰的超高交联吸附树脂LZ-01,比较LZ-01树脂与NJ-8树脂对对甲基苯酚和对硝基苯酚的吸附能力,研究LZ-01树脂在不同温度(288K,313K,318K)下吸附水溶液中对甲基苯酚和对硝基苯酚的静态吸附热力学和动力学行为。结果表明,由于LZ-01树脂具有更大的比表面积、更多的微孔且含有氨基、羟基和羧基等基团,使其对对甲基苯酚和对硝基苯酚的吸附量明显高于NJ-8树脂。Freundlich方程对等温吸附数据能够很好地拟合,吸附焓变绝对值小于40kJ/mol,表明吸附是焓驱动的物理吸附过程。LZ-01树脂对对甲基苯酚和对硝基苯酚吸附动力学均符合准一级动力学方程,吸附速率随温度升高而增大,颗粒内扩散是该吸附过程的速控步骤。     

科学家发现金属材料自我修复机制

自然界中的生物体和具有记忆功能的有机材料等,在遭受损伤时具有自我康复的功能。麻省理工学院的研究人员在一项金属特性实验中意外发现受损的金属也具有自我修复的功能。金属合金分子结构电脑模拟显示,微晶粒之间的边界会在压力下出现裂痕。大多数金属都是由细微的晶粒构成,这些晶粒的大小和方向能够影响金属的强度和特性。但在某些条件下,压力可以让这种晶粒的微观结构发生改变:使晶界(晶粒边界)发生移动,而晶界移动则是修复"创伤"的关键。     

Theoretical Insights into Intermolecular Hydrogen-Bonding Strengthening in Fluorenone-Methanol Complexes Induced by Electronic Excitation and Bulk Solvent Effect

This work presents a theoretical insight into the variation of the site-specific intermolecular hydrogen-bonding （HB）, formed between C=O group of fluorenone （FN） and O-H groups of methanol （MeOL） molecules, induced by both the electronic excitation and the bulk solvent effect. Through the calculation of molecular ground- and excited-state properties, we not only demonstrate the characters of HB strengthening induced by electronic excitation and the bulk solvent effect but also reveal the underlying physical mechanism which leads to the HB variation. The strengthening of the intermolecular HB in electronically excited states and in liquid solution is characterized by the reduced HB bond-lengths and the red-shift IR spectra accompanied by the increasing intensities of IR absorption corresponding to the characteristic vibrational modes of the O-H and C--O stretching. The HB strengthening in the excited electronic states and in solution mainly arises from the charge redistribution of the FN molecule induced by the electronic excitation and bulk solvent instead of the intermolecular charge transfer. The charge redistribution of the solute molecule increases the partial dipole moment of FN molecule and the FN-MeOL intermolecular interaction, which subsequently leads to the HB strengthening. With the bulk solvent effect getting involved, the theoretical IR spectra of HBed FN-MeOL complexes agree much better with the experiments than those of gas-phase FN-MeOL dimer. All the calculations are carried out based on our developed analytical approaches for the first and second energy derivatives of excited electronic state within the time-dependent density functional theory.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Crystal Structure of One Novel Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole Derivative

Indolocarbazole derivatives have been reported to be promising organic semicon- ductor candidates and electroluminescent （EL） materials. One novel indolocarbazole derivative, 2,8-acetyl-5,11-dihexyl-6,12-（di-p-tolyl）-5,11-indolo[3,2-b]carbazole （YK4）, has been synthesized, and its crystal structure has also been carefully studied. YK4 is triclinic, space groups Pi with a = 9.409（5）, b = 13.974（5）, c = 15.488（5） A, α = 90.281（5）, β = 105.456（5）, Z= 93.728（5）°, M,. = 688.94, V= 1958.1（14） A3, Z = 2, Dc.= 1.168 g/cm-3,μ = 0.070 mm-1, F（000） = 740, Rint = 0.0475, R （I〉 20（/）） = 0.1146, wR （I〉 20（/）） = 0.2186, R（all data） = 0.2192 and wR （all data） = 0.2701. Like other indolo[3, 2-b]carbazole derivatives which were introduced in the 5- and 11-positions, the intermolecular short contacts are localized between the pendant groups and acetyl groups of the neighboring indolocarbazole molecules. The molecule of YK4 possesses poor face-to-face π-π stacking between two adjacent molecules in the crystal. The calculated bond lengths and bond angles of YK4 also proved the result of crystallography.     

CeCl3对工业电解液中镍电沉积层晶粒的细化作用

随着镍箔、镍薄带材在新能源电池中的广泛使用,对镍沉积层微观组织结构和性能有了更高的要求。通过添加剂和电沉积镍生产工艺优化,得到微观组织可调控的镍沉积层,成为电解镍品质提升的重要研究方向。稀土离子由于具有较强的吸附性,在电解沉积过程中可以通过提高形核率、阻碍晶粒长大来改善金属沉积层的组织结构。本文通过向电解镍生产使用工业电解液中添加不同浓度CeCl3盐,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等分析方法得到镍沉积层晶粒尺寸和分布,当工业电解液中添加CeCl₃最佳浓度为0.8 g·L^-1时,对镍沉积层晶粒的细化效果最好;Ce的加入只能使镀层晶粒细化,但不与发生共沉积,Ce的加入只是起到改变镀层组织结构的作用,并且只是以金属形式发挥作用。