过渡金属化合物的CNDO计算VI: NiCp2和Ni2Cp3^+的电子结构

用CNDO法计算了单核金属茂络合物NiCp2和双核金属茂络合物Ni2Cp3^+的电子结构,根据波函数和电子密度等值图的组成分析讨论了二个化合物的成键,在Ni2CP3^+和NiCP2之间进行了比较,指出了它们的化学键特征.     

碱性电解液中K3[Fe(CN)6]在锌阳极上的自发还原和吸附延长锌镍电池的循环寿命

In view of the continuously worsening environmental problems, fossil fuels will not be able to support the development of human life in the future. Hence, it is of great importance to work on the efficient utilization of cleaner energy resources. In this case, cheap, reliable, and eco-friendly grid-scale energy storage systems can play a key role in optimizing our energy usage. When compared with lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries, the excellent safety, environmental benignity, and low toxicity of aqueous Zn-based batteries make them competitive in the context of large-scale energy storage. Among the various Zn-based batteries, due to a high open-circuit voltage and excellent rate performance, Zn-Ni batteries have great potential in practical applications. Nevertheless, the intrinsic obstacles associated with the use of Zn anodes in alkaline electrolytes, such as dendrite, shape change, passivation, and corrosion, limit their commercial application. Hence, we have focused our current efforts on inhibiting the corrosion and dissolution of Zn species. Based on a previous study from our research group, the failure of the Zn-Ni battery was caused by the shape change of the Zn anode, which stemmed from the dissolution of Zn and uneven current distribution on the anode. Therefore, for the current study, we selected K₃[Fe(CN)₆] as an electrolyte additive that would help minimize the corrosion and dissolution of the Zn anode. In the alkaline electrolyte, [Fe(CN)₆]^3– was reduced to [Fe(CN)₆]^4– by the metallic Zn present in the Zn-Ni battery. Owing to its low solubility in the electrolyte, K₄[Fe(CN)₆] adhered to the active Zn anode, thereby inhibiting the aggregation and corrosion of Zn. Ultimately, the shape change of the anode was effectively eliminated, which improved the cycling life of the Zn-Ni battery by more than three times (i.e., from 124 cycles to more than 423 cycles). As for capacity retention, the Zn-Ni battery with the pristine electrolyte only exhibited 40% capacity retention after 85 cycles, while the Zn-Ni battery with the modified electrolyte (i.e., containing K₃[Fe(CN)₆]) showed 72% capacity retention. Moreover, unlike conventional organic additives that increase electrode polarization, the addition of K₃[Fe(CN)₆] not only significantly reduced the charge-transfer resistance in a simplified three-electrode system, but also improved the discharge capacity and rate performance of the Zn-Ni battery. Importantly, considering that this strategy was easy to achieve and minimized additional costs, K₃[Fe(CN)₆], as an electrolyte additive with almost no negative effect, has tremendous potential in commercial Zn-Ni batteries.     

大环镍(Ⅱ)配合物与扁桃酸的手性识别

外消旋大环镍(Ⅱ)配合物[Ni (rac-L)](ClO₄)₂分别与l-和d-扁桃酸阴离子在乙腈/水溶液中反应,通过手性识别得到六配位的[Ni (_RR-L)(S-Man)]ClO₄(1)和[Ni (SS-L)(R-Man)]ClO₄(2)对映异构体(L=5,5,7,12,12,14-六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷,Man=扁桃酸)。当[Ni (rac-L)](ClO₄)₂与dl-扁桃酸阴离子反应时得到一对对映体等量存在的共聚物,其中大环配体中RR和SS构型分别优先与l-和d-Man^- 配位形成外消旋混合物,反应过程中发生了手性识别现象,每颗晶体均为手性对映体。当[Ni (rac-L)](ClO₄)₂分别与结构类似的dl-2-苯基丙酸和dl-托品酸阴离子反应时,分别得到化合物[Ni (rac-L)(dl-PPA)]ClO₄(3)(PPA=2-苯基丙酸)和[Ni (rac-L)(dl-Tro)]ClO₄(4)(Tro=托品酸)。X射线单晶衍射结果表明,4个配合物中Ni (Ⅱ)离子均与折叠大环配体L的4个氮原子和2个来自羧基与羟基的氧原子(1和2),或羧基氧原子(3和4)顺式配位,形成六配位八面体构型。配合物1和2属于一对对映异构体,分别通过[Ni (_RR-L)(S-Man)]⁺和[Ni (SS-L)(R-Man)]⁺分子间氢键作用形成一维之字形链状结构。配合物1和2的单手性特征与圆二色(CD)谱测定结果一致。     

膦酚中性镍催化烯烃聚合及烯烃与极性单体共聚研究进展

烯烃与极性单体共聚制备功能化聚烯烃最为直接,但存在诸多挑战,是聚烯烃领域近20年的研究热点与难点。后过渡金属催化剂在功能化聚烯烃合成上具有优势,已经涌现出了二亚胺、水杨醛亚胺、膦磺酸镍钯经典催化体系;相比之下,膦酚镍催化体系早期关注较少。然而,近期对于膦酚镍催化体系的研究已经揭示,膦酚镍催化体系将是一个极具基础与应用前景的体系。本文总结近5年膦酚镍催化剂的结构特点,综述其在乙烯聚合、乙烯与极性单体共聚合、丙烯与极性单体共聚合方面的重要进展,并总结出膦酚镍催化剂的优势,对极性单体种类、催化剂结构设计、丙烯与极性单体立构规整共聚、聚合反应机理、功能化聚烯烃综合性能进行了展望。     

Fe3O4@SiO2@CTS镍离子印迹聚合物的制备与吸附性能研究

以Fe₃O₄@SiO₂为磁核,在其表面包裹壳聚糖,再通过分子印迹技术,制得Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@CTS镍离子印迹聚合物。采用XRD、FTIR和SEM对镍离子印迹聚合物的结构和形貌进行表征。通过正交实验确定了镍离子印迹聚合物对Ni²⁺的最佳吸附条件为：Ni²⁺初始浓度为80 mg·L^-1、印迹聚合物用量为25 mg、pH值为5.0、吸附时间为3 h,印迹聚合物对Ni²⁺的吸附量可达66.73 mg·g^-1。Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@CTS镍离子印迹聚合物对Ni²⁺的吸附符合拟二级动力学方程,吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。     

基于临氢热解反应研究石油沥青质中镍和钒化合物的存在形态

本研究通过临氢热解方法处理委内瑞拉减压渣油沥青质,通过电感偶合等离子体质谱仪（ICP MS）、紫外-可见光光谱仪（UV-vis）、高温气相色谱-原子发射检测器联用仪（HT GC-AED）和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FT-ICR MS）等手段分析表征反应产物,探究沥青质的分子组成与结构,以及镍和钒化合物的存在形态。实验结果表明,随着临氢热解反应温度从330℃升高至410℃,反应产物的甲苯可溶物收率由64%下降至19%,可被GC-AED检测到的镍、钒化合物的含量大幅度升高,镍和钒卟啉的分子组成分布也随反应温度的升高呈现出规律性的变化。     

镍催化不对称酰基化反应研究进展

手性羰基化合物是天然产物和药物中的重要结构单元,也是反应性最为丰富的重要合成中间体.过渡金属催化不对称酰基化反应是构建该重要结构单元的高效方法之一,近些年来,具有独特催化活性的丰产金属镍催化剂也被广泛应用于不对称羰基化合物的合成.综述了近些年来镍催化不对称酰基化反应领域的新研究进展,主要包括镍催化不对称烷基-酰基偶联反应、烯烃不对称氢酰基化反应以及烯烃不对称酰基官能团化反应等.     

基于镍基纳米材料电化学传感器的α-糖苷酶抑制剂筛选方法研究

采用多周期的电化学循环伏安(CV)法在泡沫镍(NF)上一步制备了镍基纳米材料修饰电极(Ni(OH)₂/NF)用于α-糖苷酶抑制剂的酶抑制活性评价,并基于此建立了一种简便的中药糖苷酶抑制剂筛选方法。采用X射线粉末衍射仪和扫描电镜表征修饰电极表面的结构和形貌;采用CV法和计时电流法测试电极的电化学性能。结果表明,Ni(OH)₂/NF传感器检测复杂酶体系中的葡萄糖具有良好的电化学响应,灵敏度高达3222μA·mmol/(L·cm²),线性范围为3.0～6000μmol/L,检出限低至0.9μmol/L (S/N=3)。采用临床降糖药物阿卡波糖验证了此传感器用于α-糖苷酶活性检测的可行性;并将传感器应用于莲须提取液的酶抑制效果评价,发现莲须具有一定的α-糖苷酶抑制活性,其半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为3.31 g/L。本研究结果表明,研制的传感器适用于α-糖苷酶抑制活性分析,为天然降糖药物筛选提供了一种新方法。