概率与统计题解惑

《概率与统计》是新教材高三新增内容之一 .它以较强的实践性、应用性顺应了时代的气息 ,对提高学生运用所学知识解决简单实际问题有着举足轻重的作用 .但是在教学中 ,也发现学生在某些问题的解决上存在着困惑 ,下面将这些问题一一列举出来 ,供同行们参考 .例 1　已知有 6只电器元件 ,其中有 2只次品和4只正品 ,每次随机抽取一只测试 ,不放回 ,直到 2只次品都找到为止 .设所需要测试的次数为 ξ .求ξ的分布列 .解 :∵P(ξ =2 ) =A22A26=115 ,P(ξ =3) =C12 C14 A22A3 6=215P(ξ =4 ) =A44A46+ C12 C24A3 3 A46=115 + 15 =415 ,P(ξ …     

保险公司离散型崩溃模型研究

本文提出并讨论了含投资因素、红利分配因素的崩溃模型，得出了关于崩溃概率、保险公司的期望寿命的结论，这些结论推广了没有考虑投资因素的崩溃模型的相关结论．     

概率型算子在Lp空间的渐近性质

In 1985, Khan, R. A. established the asymptotic formulas of operators of probabilistic type inL1, space by introducing a newLp-norm. The purpose of this paper is to study the asymptotic rate of these operators, inLp (p>1) spaces. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

夜视系统鉴别率测试的新方法

用室内低光照高对比鉴别率取代野外探测目标距离作为衡量夜视系统性能优劣的标准,将给验收工作带来方便。本文给出一种实验室内测试夜视系统鉴别率的方法。文中导出了夜视系统鉴别率的一种新的表达式,从而提出了一种改进后的物理模型及其实验方案。分析表明,采用新方案,即在实验室中人为增加环境照度,由此测得的系统工作鉴别率,用以取代野外探测目标距离,其可信度可望得到明显的提高。     

Luminescent Efficiency in Single-layer Organic Electrophosphorescent Devices

Based on the charge injection and recombination processes and the triplet-triplet annihilation process, a model to calculate the electro.luminescent（EL） efficiency is presented. The influences of the applied electric field on the injection efficiency, recombination efficiency and electroluminescent efficiency are discussed. It is found that： （1） The injection efficiency is increasing while the recombination efficiency is decreasing with the applied electric field increasing. （2） The EL efficiency is enhanced at low electric field slowly but is decreasing at high electric field with the increase of applied voltage. （3） The EL efficiency is decreasing with the increase of the host-guest molecular distance （R）. So, it is concluded that the EL efficiency in single-layer organic electrophosphorescent devices is dominated by injection efficiency at lower electric field and recombination efficiency at higher electric field.     

马尔可夫链在产品可靠性预测中的应用

事物未来的状态仅仅受事物现状的影响，而与过去的状态无关，也就是具有马尔可夫性。用马尔可夫链的理论与方法，对具有马尔可夫性产品的可靠性进行预测，既为产品的可靠性设计和产品售后服务的经济性分析提供了参考，也为马尔可夫模型的实际应用拓广了范围。通过实例说明在数学软件的帮助下这种预测方法的简单可行性。     

舰载中近程低截获概率雷达

给出了侦察截获距离与雷达探测距离比的精确数学模型；从实现“静默”雷达角度出发，讨论了雷达诸参数的低截获概率设计原则；给出了一般脉冲雷达及扩谱雷达的距离比实例；最后介绍了目前舰载中近程低截获概率雷达的几种体制和实例。     

转移概率流图的概率理论基础与应用方法（Ⅳ）

本文引入转移概率流图的粘接方法证明了“中止事件仅可能在检出不合格品时发生”是添加相应的中止规则而不改变连续抽样方案原有基本统计特性的充分必要条件。     

（Φ，Δ）型概率收缩与Menger PN－空间中非线性算子方程的解

本文在Ｍｅｎｓｅｒ概率赋范空间中引入了（Φ，Δ）型概率收缩的概念，研究了Ｍｅｎｇｅｒ概率赋范空间中具有这类概率收缩的非线性算子方程的解的存在性与唯一性．发展和改进了引文［１］、［４～８］的相应结果．     

Prisoner＇s Dilemma Game with Heterogeneous Influential Effect on Regular Small-World Networks

The effect of heterogeneous influence of different individuals on the maintenance of co-operative behaviour is studied in an evolutionary Prisoner＇s Dilemma game with players located on the sites of regular small-world networks. The players interacting with their neighbours can either co-operate or defect and update their states by choosing one of the neighbours and adopting its strategy with a probability depending on the pay off difference. The selection of the neighbour obeys a preferential rule： the more influential a neighbour, the larger the probability it is picked. It is found that this simple preferential selection rule can promote continuously the co-operation of the whole population with the strengthening of the disorder of the underlying network.