狭长体中非对称快速传播裂纹的分析解

用复变函数方法得到了弹性狭长体中含有一非对称半元限裂纹的动力学问题的分析解，当裂纹速度Ｖ→０时，此动力学的解可还原静力学的解，该问题Ｉ型与ＩＩ型静态与动态应力强度因子ＫＩ，ＫＩＩ得以确定，并且具有解析的形式。     

屈服后表面裂纹与穿透裂纹的等效裂纹长度换算

在较小范围屈服条件下，将D-M模型和弹塑性线弹簧模型相结合，建立了屈服后一般扁壳表面裂纹的计算模型，导出了其控制方程和相应的COD计算公式。在此基础上，提出了屈服后一般扁壳表面裂纹与平板穿透裂纹的等COD换算方法。通过各种影响因素的分析并去除次要因素，最终给出了该等效换算关系的简单拟合公式。计算结果表明，该分析方法简便且有足够的工程精度，适应于在役压力容器等结构的现场快速断裂评定。     

Ultrasonic backward radiation profile on painted rough interface

Generalized Lamb surface waves are generated in a surface region when ultrasonic waves are incident to the layered substrates such as painted specimen in liquid. Then, backward radiated waves are returned to the direction of incidence by scattering and energy radiation of the surface waves. Hence, the backward radiation could be used in assessing the interracial state between layer and substrate because the surface wave is sensitive to the change of physical properties in a surface region. Painting surface treatment of commercial products and articles occasionally hide the surface region trouble such as roughness and crack. The evaluation of interfacial state under painting layer is very important in the prevention of great accidence, hence the evaluation technique should be nondestructive, fast and easy applicable to the fields. The backward radiations were measured for the painted glass with periodic interfacial roughness immersed in water tank. The effect of interfacial roughness on the angular pattern and frequency spectrum of the ultrasonic backward radiation was investigated to develop the nondestructive technique for interfacial roughness evaluation.     

热压烧结法制备B4C-CeB6陶瓷材料微观结构及力学性能的研究

在温度为2050℃,压力为20 MPa的条件下,通过热压烧结的方法在碳化硼(B₄C)中分别添加2%～5%的CeO₂制备B₄C-CeB₆复合材料。通过原位反应在B₄C中引入CeB₆。详细研究了CeO₂添加量对B₄C-CeB₆复合材料的微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着CeO₂添加量的增加(不超过4%),B₄C-CeB₆复合材料的相对密度和力学性能逐渐升高;但是当CeO₂添加量超过4%时,产生的CO增多会导致复合材料的相对密度和显微硬度下降;当CeO₂含量较低时,由于CeB₆的断裂韧性要比纯B₄C高,裂纹穿过CeB₆相断裂就会消耗更多的能量,使复合材料的断裂韧性得以提高;而当CeO₂含量较高时,...     

Identification of Pipeline Inner Wall Geometry Based on the POD⁃RBF Method北大核心CSCD

Based on the proper orthogonal decomposition⁃radial basis function (POD⁃RBF), a geometric identification method for pipeline inner wall was proposed to solve the internal corrosion detection problem of natural gas and oil pipelines. In view of the static magnetic field, the simplified finite element model for the pipelines was established, and the variable⁃geometry sample library was constructed, to realize the response prediction of arbitrary geometry by the POD⁃RBF. The proposed method achieves reduced⁃order analysis and avoids repeated solution of the stiffness matrix due to the geometrical change during the identification process. Hence, it can significantly improve the computation efficiency. Finally, the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm was used to optimize the objective function and avoid the calculation of the sensitivity in the process of geometry change. The numerical examples show that, the proposed method has high efficiency and accuracy in the geometric identification of the pipeline inner wall, with good stability even under introduced noises. © 2023 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.     

弦、杆、环的横振动理论与实验研究

本文对弦的横振动方程进行了严格推导,得出波速的解析解,并在共振时测量了波长和共振频率的实验值,理论与实验相吻合.本文对杆的横振动方程亦进行了严格推导,对一端卡住、另一端自由时进行了数值求解,得出共振时容许的前几个本征频率的表达式及相应共振波节位置,给出通解,实验中测出了不同长度时不锈钢薄细长条的基频及前几阶泛音共振频率,测出的波节位置与理论值一致,并求出不锈钢长条的杨氏模量,与标准值相符.进一步推广到圆形钢丝环的小振动情形,实验上测出了圆环共振时的频率及波长,求出截面为圆形的细钢丝的杨氏模量,与现有值基本符合.     

2A12壳体零件内壁裂纹分析

2A12铝合金壳体内壁在调质热处理进行机械加工中内表面出现轴向裂纹.对裂纹进行扫描电镜分析,结合零件加工步骤,结果表明裂纹形成的原因是零件中心部位热处理不充分,机加过程中切削速度和切削量过大造成的.     

基于Hough变换的摄像机畸变非量测标定方法

广角镜头在获得大视场的同时也引入了严重的光 学畸变,必须对从广角相机所获得的图像进行畸变校正。本文首先 提取图像中的曲线,依据在单参数除式畸变模型下直线段畸变成像近似呈圆弧的特点,在圆 弧拟合过程中标定出畸变参数与 畸变中心的初始近似值;进而采用一种在Hough变换空间中使 用熵函数估计校正后曲线直线度的方 法,利用熵函数对初始近似值作进一步的优化,最终求取更加精确的畸变参数与畸变中心 。基于工程实例,分别利用圆 弧拟合求初始值方法与本文所提出方法对目标图像进行畸变校正。仿真和真实图像实验表明 ,本文方法仅利用单幅图像即可实 现高精度的标定系数,且方法具有较高的稳定性,操作简单、方便和易于实现。     

一种航空发动机燃油流量基线的建模方法

为实现航空发动机的在巡航过程中的实时监控及时发现发动机状态参数的异常变化,提高飞行安全水平,提出基于航空发动机燃油流量(FF)基线求解偏差值的一种算法。依据设定的飞行数据筛选原则和预处理方法建立模型样本,设计以高斯函数为隐含层激励函数和以线性函数为输出层激励函数的多输入单输出的RBF神经网络,通过Pearson相关性分析确定网络的输入节点。使用该网络得到预测燃油流量基线,再与实际燃油流量做比较可得燃油流量偏差值。最后对预测偏差值和观测偏差值实施两配对非参数检验以验证网络精度,结果表明该方法是计算航空发动机巡航状态下燃油流量偏差值的一种有效算法。