电子有“特异功能”吗——浅谈介观物理学

 如果有人告诉你,用两根探针测量一段导线的电压并算出其电阻,结果却同这段导线相串联的线路的其他部分有关,似乎电子有左道旁门式的“特异功能”,跑到常识以外的区域里去了,你一定不相信,因为这不符合一段导线的电阻只决定于其自身的基本物理事实.然而,近年来却实实在在地观察到这一类奇特现象,并且发展出物理学的一个新分支--介观物理学.目前,介观物理学的研究对象大多是一些处于低温下的线状和环状的小尺寸导电材料,既包括金属也包括半导体;而研究的内容主要在于输运性质方面.     

Nuclear Halo-Like Phenomena and Short-Range Nuclear Correlation

Based on Glauber Multiple Scattering Theory, high-energy proton elastic scattering on halo-like nucleus ^13C is studied in a single nucleon wave function with low angular momentum configurations. A great agreement with experimental data is obtained and the theoretical prediction clearly shows that 13U has a neutron halo-like structure.Then, the origin and nature of nuclear halo phenomena are explained in terms of nuclear short-range correlations. Our conclnsion shows ttiat the origin of nuclear halo-like phenomena originates from short range nuclear correlation.     

硫化锰电子结构的软X射线共振非弹性散射研究

利用软X射线共振非弹性散射谱(resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering, RIXS)对3d过渡金属硫化物中的硫化锰(MnS)电子结构进行了研究.通过分析Mn²⁺的2p⁶3d⁵→2p⁵3d⁶→2p⁶3d⁵二次光子过程，得到了共振非弹性散射谱中的两类非弹性峰，d-d电子跃迁和电荷转移(charge-transfer)跃迁.这两部分跃迁分别共振增强于L边附近及伴随峰附近.基于Hartree-Fock方法的多重态计算分别模拟了原子近似下和立方体O_h对称群下共振非弹性散射谱及吸收谱.计算得MnS实际晶体场10Dq值介于0.80eV—0.85eV之间.对MnS和MnO CT跃迁差异的讨论表明MnS较强的CT跃迁来源于其较窄的能隙宽度. 关键词： 软X射线共振非弹性散射 软X射线吸收谱 d-d跃迁 电荷转移     

He原子与HF分子碰撞截面的量子力学计算

用量子力学密耦近似方法计算了入射氦原子能量E=88?meV时,He-HF碰撞,弹性散射分波截面(00-00)和非弹性散射00-01及00-02分波截面.计算结果与公认较好的Moszynski等人的SAPT势比较接近.     

质子滴线核8B的实验研究进展

质子滴线核8B的最后一个质子的分离能只有0.137 5 MeV,被认为是最有可能具有质子晕结构的候选核之一,对其反应机制和奇特结构的研究吸引了人们的关注。针对8B的奇特结构和反应机制研究是一个非常有趣的课题,研究人员在包括反应截面、碎裂产物动量分布宽度、电四极矩、熔合截面及弹性散射等方面开展了大量的工作。但是8B的研究至今仍不够充分,需要从理论和实验上对其进行更深入的研究。     

Measurements of aerosol distribution by an elastic-backscatter lidar in summer 2008 in Beijing

Elastic lidar observations of profiles of the aerosol extinction, backscattering coefficients, and the lidar ratio have been performed in Beijing. The elastic lidar transmitts wavelengths of 532 and 355 nm. The measurement altitude can reach up to 6 km. The similarity of the extinction and baekscattering profiles suggests a close relation between the mean transmission and reflection properties. The lidar ratio on July 22, 2008 varied from 10 to 30 sr with the mean value of 20 sr. The profiles of the aerosol properties indicate the cirrus at 6 km altitude and a well-mixed boundary layer from July 22 to 24, 2008. The detected boundary layer also agrees well with the high and stable ozone concentration obtained from the differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS） system.     

Left-right asymmetry for meson production in SIDIS proces

We analyze the left-right asymmetry in the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering （SIDIS） process using a method where no weighting function are used. Considering all flavor of quarks, we reanalyze the π±production and extend our calculation on the K± production. The predictions on HERMES, COMPASS and JLab kinematics with transversely polarized nucleon target are shown in this paper.     

Lower Energy α Elastic Scattering on ^20Ne and Anomaly of α＋^20Ne Scattering System

The α+²⁰Ne elastic scattering angular distributions at lower incident energies of Eα= 12.7--31.1 MeV have been analyzed by using the α-folding potential based on the α+¹⁶O structure model of the ²⁰Ne nucleus. The α-folding potential with a standard Woods-Saxon type imaginary part, can reasonably describe experimental cross sections and the anomalous large angle scattering (ALAS) features. The anomaly of the α+²⁰Ne scattering system is further confirmed in the lower incident energy region.     

活性靶技术熔合截面测量极限研究

天体环境中丰中子核素熔合反应率对研究中子星表面超级暴现象的点火机制有重要意义。由于次级束流强过低,无法使用传统固体靶实验技术测量垒下熔合反应截面。活性靶技术的发展为垒下丰中子核素熔合反应截面的测量提供了可行的途径。基于Geant4模拟详细地分析了多重采样电离室（MUSIC）与时间投影室（TPC）两种活性靶探测器中熔合反应与弹性散射的运动学性质,给出了4种熔合反应鉴别判据,并且计算了由这些判据误判引起的熔合截面系统误差。在E_cm=13.6 MeV时,MUSIC与TPC的弹性散射误判截面分别为0.5 mb和2.9×10-3 mb,都远小于此时熔合截面（877 mb）。在垒下,MSUIC的熔合截面系统误差已经超出实验测量要求,而TPC能够进行实验测量的能量可以降低至E_cm=4.7 MeV。Reaction rates of fusion reactions among neutron-rich nuclei in the astrophysical environment are of great significance to understand the ignition of superbursts on neutron stars. Since beam intensity is rather low for radioactive ion beams, it is extremely difficult to operate a direct measurement for cross sections of such fusion reactions below the Coulomb barrier using thick target technique. In this case, a novel technique, active target technique, has been developed recently. To study the energy limit for measurement below Coulomb barrier, the kinematics of elastic scattering and fusion reaction in MUSIC and TPC are discussed with Geant4 simulation. Four identification methods are used and uncertainties of cross sections resulted from misjudgments are calculated. With E_cm=13.6 MeV, the uncertainties of cross sections for MUSIC and TPC are 0.5 mb and 2.9×10-3 mb, respectively. The uncertainties for MUSIC become far beyond measurement when below coulomb barrier, while TPC remains to be a suitable detector for measuring fusion cross sections until E_cm=4.7 MeV.     

基于点截面的快堆组件均匀化参数计算方法

快中子反应堆的中子学计算中,少群参数的计算精度直接影响最终的计算精度。通过直接利用点截面的方法产生具体问题的精细群截面,随后进行组件输运计算并以获得的中子通量密度分布归并能群从而得到组件的均匀化少群参数,可以较精确地考虑中等质量核素在中高能量段具有的非常强烈的弹性散射共振效应以及全能量段存在的多核素共振干涉效应等问题。计算结果表明,由点截面产生的细群截面误差均在1%以内,进行能谱计算并利用该能谱归并能群得到少群参数的误差也在1%以内。随着截面精度的改善,最终堆芯计算的精度得到明显提升。