中国内陆大气颗粒物的搬运、沉积及反映的气候变化——Ⅰ.现代大气气溶胶

分析了中国内陆3个地点尘暴和非尘暴期间大气颗粒物中17种微量元素的浓度-粒度分布。表明这些地点的大气颗粒物主要由矿物气溶胶(即粉尘)组成。对黄土高原上空非尘暴大气微量元素的统计分析,导出粗粒子主要有两种来源——土壤粉尘和被污染的粉尘,细粒子的两种来源是土壤粉尘和人为污染物。在年尺度上,粉尘对黄土高原的大气干输入主要取决于非尘暴过程。利用清除系数估算的粉尘湿沉积通量只占总沉积的4％—11％。     

臭氧催化分解异相反应新机理

极地云表面上的异相反应在春季南极臭氧空洞形成中起关键作用。本文主要介绍了极地云表面上异相反应两个机理 ,其中的新机理同样适用于另外一些凝聚相和表面体系中的异相反应。     

大气痕量气体NO_2的研究

为了测量大气中NO_2的含量,我们研制了自动太阳光谱光度仪。在地面遥感测量太阳直射光谱的4470—4490波段,从辐射传输方程及极大相似法,导出了大气中NO_2的含量。而大气中NO_2的浓度,在北京郊区测量了数月。本文对测量结果进行了讨论。     

通过脱碳控制全球平均温度

Establishing a reliable method to predict the global mean temperature (T_e) is of great importance because CO₂ reduction activities require political and global cooperation and significant financial resources. The current climate models all seem to predict that the earth's temperature will continue to increase, mainly based on the assumption that CO₂ emissions cannot be lowered significantly in the foreseeable future. Given the earth's multifactor climate system, attributing atmospheric CO₂ as the only cause for the observed temperature anomaly is most likely an oversimplification; the presence of water (H₂O) in the atmosphere should at least be considered. As such, T_e is determined by atmospheric water content controlled by solar activity, along with anthropogenic CO₂ activities. It is possible that the anthropogenic CO₂ activities can be reduced in the future. Based on temperature measurements and thermodynamic data, a new model for predicting T_e has been developed. Using this model, past, current, and future CO₂ and H₂O data can be analyzed and the associated T_e calculated. This new, esoteric approach is more accurate than various other models, but has not been reported in the open literature. According to this model, by 2050, T_e may increase to 15.5 ℃ under "business-as-usual" emissions. By applying a reasonable green technology activity scenario, T_e may be reduced to approximately 14.2 ℃. To achieve CO₂ reductions, the scenario described herein predicts a CO₂ reduction potential of 513 gigatons in 30 years. This proposed scenario includes various CO₂ reduction activities, carbon capturing technology, mineralization, and bio-char production; the most important CO₂ reductions by 2050 are expected to be achieved mainly in the electricity, agriculture, and transportation sectors. Other more aggressive and plausible drawdown scenarios have been analyzed as well, yielding CO₂ reduction potentials of 1051 and 1747 gigatons, respectively, in 30 years, but they may reduce global food production. It is emphasized that the causes and predictions of the global warming trend should be regarded as open scientific questions because several details concerning the physical processes associated with global warming remain uncertain. For example, the role of solar activities coupled with Milankovitch cycles are not yet fully understood. In addition, other factors, such as ocean CO₂ uptake and volcanic activity, may not be negligible.     

FTTH带动光器件发展

一位光收发模块技术人员表示：“目前为止，通信运营商面向主干网所进行的研发工作基本上都属于投资性质，希望今后在家庭中使用的光通信设备将会成为真正能够盈利的产品。”     

一种用于波长路由光网络的分布式快速波长预留协议

波长预留协议用于在光通道建立过程中预留和配置波长.目前已有的波长预留协议都把协议设计的目标定为降低网络阻塞率,没有一种协议设计把目标定为缩短光通道的建立时间和简化协议处理过程.然而更短的建立时间和更小的协议复杂度对于未来极其动态的光网络却是非常重要的.提出了一种新颖的用于波长路由光网络的分布式快速波长预留协议-目的端预留协议,它在保证网络阻塞率可以接受的前提下,不仅可以降低连接建立时间,还可以减少控制节点处理器需要处理的信令消息数量.仿真结果证明了这一点.     

外腔长度对FBG-ECL输出特性的影响

根据光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器(FBG-ECL)的等效腔模型,讨论了外腔长度对FBG-ECL的调制特性、线宽以及强度噪声的影响.指出增大外腔长度可以使FBG-ECL具有很窄的线宽,非常适合应用在相干光通信系统中.同时发现,外腔长度的增大也将导致强度噪声、调制特性的恶化,外腔的选择对FBG-ECL应用在不同光通信系统中十分重要.     

微波大气吸收衰减特性分析及分层数值算法

 给出了微波在大气中传输受气体分子吸收导致衰减的较精确计算模型，该模型扩展了传统计算模式忽略温度、湿度、压力变化及传播距离受限制的近似算法。结合我国某地区的实测气象数据模拟计算了该地区的大气吸收衰减，最后根据数值计算结果分析了微波随频率、发射角度以及月份（季度）变化的传播特性，并简要说明了此研究在微波遥感中的实际意义。     

大气相干长度的昼夜观测

 介绍了利用差分像运动测量法测量光波到达角起伏方差来确定大气相干长度的方法，阐述了一种能对大气相干长度进行昼夜测量的日夜两用型大气相干长度仪的测量原理与结构,经过长期昼夜观测分析得知: 整层大气湍流强度有随时间变化的趋势，这种趋势与近地面层的湍流强度的时间变化特征基本吻合，即在日出后和日没前两段时间内的相干长度值远大于其它时间段内的值。     

浅谈几种不同的光通信传输网络技术

尽管全球电信业务经历增长,下滑以及慢慢复苏等阶段,但是光通信技术的发展始终日新月异。本文就针对光通信传输网络中的PDH、SDH、MSTP、DWDM、OTN、ASON技术的比较进行阐述,探讨其应用。