两种不同形状压头与单晶铜基体间接触力和摩擦力的纳观分析

在考虑单晶铜基体弹塑性形变和晶体各向异性情况下,基于原子尺度,采用混合势函数(EAM和Morse)和Verlet算法动态模拟了半球形和圆锥形两种不同形状压头与单晶铜基体的黏着接触和滑动摩擦过程,分析了接触力和摩擦力对单晶铜基体内失效原子变化情况.研究表明:当压头下压位移为0.9 nm时,由于半球形压头比圆锥形压头底部表面积大,导致半球形压头与基体之间的引力更大而更易产生黏着接触现象.在下压接触过程中,与半球形压头相接触的基体内出现位错原子长大成位错环,而与圆锥形压头相接触的基体未出现此位错环现象,但位错原子数均随压深的增加而增多;在滑动过程中,因半球形压头对基体的摩擦力和法向力比圆锥形压头对基体的摩擦力和法向力大,使得半球形压头比圆锥形压头正前方堆积的位错原子数多,但均随滑动距离的增加而增多.     

一种组合药型罩聚能装药战斗部对含水复合结构毁伤的数值模拟及试验研究

为了研究组合药型罩聚能装药战斗部对含水复合结构的毁伤机理,基于LS-DYNA软件的任意拉格朗日-欧拉(arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian, ALE)流固耦合算法,对水下组合药型罩聚能装药战斗部侵彻体的形成以及穿靶过程开展研究,采用数值模拟等比例模型对水下组合药型罩聚能装药战斗部对靶板毁伤进行试验验证。研究结果表明,在偏心亚半球缺罩罩顶设计偏心亚半球形罩能够在侵彻体前端形成细长的杆式射流,可以增加整个侵彻体长度和头部侵彻体速度。在穿水和靶板过程中,利用头部杆式射流形成空腔帮助后续侵彻体低阻随进。对靶板毁伤过程的分析发现,与战斗部直接连接的第1层靶板将会受到侵彻体的高速冲击作用和爆炸波沿水介质传播过来的强冲击波联合作用,而随着水层厚度的增加,沿水中传播的爆炸冲击波强度会被迅速衰减,爆炸冲击波对后续靶板的作用变得不明显,主要为侵彻体的冲击作用。最后利用设计的组合药型罩结构开展了试验验证,对比分析了每层靶板的穿孔尺寸,试验结果与数值计算结果符合较好,最大误差小于15%。     

Seismic responses of a hemispherical alluvial valley to SV waves： a three-dimensional analytical approximation

An analytical solution to the three-dimensional scattering and diffraction of plane SV-waves by a saturated hemispherical alluvial valley in elastic half-space is obtained by using Fourier–Bessel series expansion technique. The hemispherical alluvial valley with saturated soil deposits is simulated with Biot’s dynamic theory for saturated porous media. The following conclusions based on numerical results can be drawn: (1) there are a significant differences in the seismic response simulation between the previous single-phase models and the present two-phase model; (2) the normalized displacements on the free surface of the alluvial valley depend mainly on the incident wave angles, the dimensionless frequency of the incident SV waves and the porosity of sediments; (3) with the increase of the incident angle, the displacement distributions become more complicated; and the displacements on the free surface of the alluvial valley increase as the porosity of sediments increases.The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50478062 and 10532070) and Open Fund at the Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering (Beijing University of Technology), Chinese Ministry of Education. The English text was polished by Keren Wang.