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31.
B.V. Subba Reddy B. Phaneendra ReddyT. Pandurangam J.S. Yadav 《Tetrahedron letters》2011,52(18):2306-2308
The stereoselective total synthesis of (−)-cleistenolide is described employing the Barbier allylation, MacMillan α-hydroxylation, Stille-Gennari olefination, and CeCl3·7H2O mediated lactonization as key steps. 相似文献
32.
本文解释了La2CuO4+δ(0≤δ≤0.09)和La2-xSrxCuO4(0≤x≤0.3)两种p型系统含铜稀土氧化物中的电阻和Seebeck系数与温度的依赖关系,在室温以上,一氧大气压下的La2CuO4+δ系统趋于失氧;在500 K以上,超导样品显示出失氧的一级相变,并且恢复到反铁磁相。在转变温度T1≈300 K以下,对0<δ<0.05成份的样品,相分离成反铁磁相和超导相;而在Tcρ≈100 K的温度范围内,超导相进一步分离成富空穴和贫空穴畴。在0.04≤δ≤0.09范围内,Tc处的电阻陡降出现了台阶;我们认为,它反映了电子成对的起伏。在La2-xSrxCuO4系统中,对于成分为01≈300 K以上,空穴的运动是弥散的,但是ΔHm=0;而对于x≥0.22的样品,经历了从平滑到Fermi液态的转变。成份为0c1范围(其中空穴继续以弥散方式运动)是亚稳的,但是,在Tcρ≤150 K范围,出现了电荷起伏。当样品冷却通过T1时,对于成份为0.15≤x≤0.2的样品,经历了由弥散到强质量增强巡游电子状态的转变;在Tc处,从均匀的修饰电子的正常态凝聚成超导的载流子对。在超导成份样品的正常态中,不寻常的电子-晶格相互作用,可以归结为在CuO2面上从更离子性的到共价性的Cu:3dx2-r2─O:Pσ键合的转变;通过这种转变,轨道杂化和Hubbard U参量随Cu─O键长和Cu原子上的外表局域氧化态都产生灵敏的变化。 相似文献
33.
A continuous function f from a continuum X onto a continuum Y is quasi-monotone if, for every subcontinuum M of Y with nonvoid interior, f-1(M) has a finite number of components each of which is mapped onto M by f. A θn-continuum is one that no subcontinuum separates into more than n components. It is known that if f is quasi-monotone and X is a θ1-continuum, then Y is a θ1-continuum or a θ2-continuum that is irreducible between two points. Examples are given to show that this cannot be generalized to a θn-continuum and n + 1 points for any n >1, but it is proved that if f is quasi-monotone and X is a θn-continuum, then Y is a θn-continuum or a θn+1-continuum that is the union of n + 2 continua H,S1,S2,…,Sn+1, whe for each i, Si is the closure of a component of Y H, Si is irreducible from some point Pi to H, and H is irreducible about its boundary. Some theorems and examples are given concerning the preservation of decomposition elements by a quasi-monotone map defined on a θn-continuum that admits a monotone, upper-semicontinuous decomposition onto a finite graph. 相似文献
34.
In this paper, the approximation characteristic of a diagonal matrix in probabilistic and average case settings is investigated. And the asymptotic degree of the probabilistic linear (n,δ)-width and p-average linear n-width of diagonal matrix M are determined. 相似文献
35.
Abstract Leaf carbon isotope ratios (δ13C), an indicator of long-term intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, and also stem and root carbon isotope ratios were measured on the obligate CAM species Crassula argentea cultivated in pure and mixed cultures with the succulent C3 Peperomia obtusifolia in open-air conditions under two different levels of nitrogen and water supply. As expected, a diminished water supply and a relatively dry and hot summer climate cause a shift of δ13C values to a less strong 13C discrimination (less negative δ13C values). A diminished nitrogen supply causes a shift of the δ13C values in direction of a higher 13C discrimination (more negative δ13C values), particularly in the leaves. Competition causes also an increased 13C discrimination, especially valid for shoot axes. The shift of 13C/12C isotope ratios in case of nitrogen deficiency is discussed to be a result of a decreased PEPCase activity in the night. 相似文献
36.
In this paper we discuss a novel procedure for constructing clusters of bound particles in the case of a quantum integrable derivative δ-function Bose gas in one dimension. It is shown that clusters of bound particles can be constructed for this Bose gas for some special values of the coupling constant, by taking the quasi-momenta associated with the corresponding Bethe state to be equidistant points on a single circle in the complex momentum plane. We also establish a connection between these special values of the coupling constant and some fractions belonging to the Farey sequences in number theory. This connection leads to a classification of the clusters of bound particles associated with the derivative δ-function Bose gas and allows us to study various properties of these clusters like their size and their stability under the variation of the coupling constant. 相似文献
37.
Abstract An improved r.f. heavy ion source, which can operate with gases, liquids and solids is described. The operating temperature of the ion source may reach 1000°C. It can therefore, generate ion beams of a considerable number of elements. including metallic ions. At present, ion beams of S+, Al+, As+. Zn+, Mg+, Cd+, Ag+, Sm+, Te+, Se+, Sn+, In+, Hg+, etc. have been extracted. The extracted total beam current ranges from several hundred microamperes to the order of milliampere. The useful fraction of ion in the total beam is 70–90%. Life span of the source ranges from 40 hours to more than 100 hours. The emittance of the source is 3 × 10?6 cm rad. Structure and operating characteristics of this ion source are discussed. 相似文献
38.
We study δ-shocks in a one-dimensional system of zero-pressure gas dynamics. In contrast to well-known papers (see References) this system is considered in the form of mass, momentum and energy conservation laws. In order to define such singular solutions, special integral identities are introduced which extend the concept of classical weak solutions. Using these integral identities, the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions for δ-shocks are obtained. It is proved that the mass, momentum and energy transport processes between the area outside the of one-dimensional δ-shock wave front and this front are going on such that the total mass, momentum and energy are independent of time, while the mass and energy concentration processes onto the moving δ-shock wave front are going on. At the same time the total kinetic energy transforms into total internal energy. 相似文献
39.
Crystals of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBC) were prepared using a flux technique. The as-grown crystals were typically on the order of 200 μm × 200 μm × 50 μm, where the 50 μm dimension is in the c-direction. Ferroelastic behavior was observed by applying a uniaxial stress along the [100]tet-direction using a specially-designed fixture which was mounted to a programmable hot/cold stage of a polarizing reflected-light microscope. Domain wall motion was observed for temperatures greater than 200°C, and complete poling was accomplished at stresses on the order of 50–100 MPa at temperatures of 350–400°C. An ionic diffusion-activated mechanism is suggested. 相似文献
40.