Ultrabroadband superoscillatory lens composed by plasmonic metasurfaces for subdiffraction light focusing

Conventional optics is diffraction limited due to the cutoff of spatial frequency components, and evanescent waves allow subdiffraction optics at the cost of complex near‐field manipulation. Recently, optical superoscillatory phenomena were employed to realize superresolution lenses in the far field, but suffering from very narrow working wavelength band due to the fragility of the superoscillatory light field. Here, an ultrabroadband superoscillatory lens (UBSOL) is proposed and realized by utilizing the metasurface‐assisted law of refraction and reflection in arrayed nanorectangular apertures with variant orientations. The ultrabroadband feature mainly arises from the nearly dispersionless phase profile of transmitted light through the UBSOL for opposite circulation polarization with respect to the incident light. It is demonstrated in experiments that subdiffraction light focusing behavior holds well with nearly unchanged focal patterns for wavelengths spanning across visible and near‐infrared light. This method is believed to find promising applications in superresolution microscopes or telescopes, high‐density optical data storage, etc.

     

用左手手势巧学常见单糖的结构式*

分享了一种巧用左手手势,结合一首五言口诀快速判断糖分子结构的方法。口诀为:“罗卓葡古塔,甘露艾半乳。核阿木来苏,酮糖果山古”,包含了常见的12种醛糖和6种酮糖。通过该方法,不仅能快速准确写出各种常见糖的Fischer投影式,而且还可应用于糖分子相应的Haworth透视式及椅式构象,值得在糖类教学中进行推广。     

单层超薄高效圆极化超表面透镜

针对超表面在透镜方面的应用, 本文设计了一种交叉极化透射聚焦超表面, 实现了将圆极化波转化为交叉极化波的同时聚焦电磁波的功能. 设计了一款旋转型单元, 单元为一层且厚度仅为1.5 mm, 分析了旋转型单元提供不同相移的原理并设计了相邻单元相移差为60°的相位梯度超表面, 在中心频率f=15 GHz附近发生奇异折射, 折射角与理论计算结果一致, 验证了设计单元的有效性, 基于该单元设计了尺寸为90 m mm×90 mm、单元数为15×15 的透射型聚焦超表面, 在中心频率f=15 GHz附近, 左旋圆极化平面波照射时, 透射波聚焦于L=40 mm 的实焦点且透射波为照射波的交叉极化波. 该超表面透镜效率高、厚度薄且为单层, 易于加工, 相对于传统透镜, 优势明显, 在操控电磁波、改善透镜性能方面有潜在应用价值.     

稀疏阈值的超分辨率图像重建

为了解决基于字典学习的超分辨重构算法耗时过长的问题,提出了基于稀疏阈值模型的图像超分辨率重建方法。首先,将联合字典理论与图像块稀疏阈值方法相结合,训练得到高、低分辨率过完备图像字典对。接着,通过稀疏阈值OMP算法对图像特征块进行稀疏表示。然后,通过高分辨率字典重构出初始的超分辨图像。最后,通过改进迭代反投影算法对初始的超分辨图像进行全局优化,从而进一步提高图像重构质量。实验结果表明,超分辨图像重构平均峰值信噪比(PSNR)为30.1 d B,平均结构自相似度(SSIM)为0.937 9,平均计算时间为10.2 s。有效提高了超分辨重构的速度,改善了重构高分辨图像的质量。     

3D MRI of non-Gaussian (3)He gas diffusion in the rat lung

In (3)He magnetic resonance images of pulmonary air spaces, the confining architecture of the parenchymal tissue results in a non-Gaussian distribution of signal phase that non-exponentially attenuates image intensity as diffusion weighting is increased. Here, two approaches previously used for the analysis of non-Gaussian effects in the lung are compared and related using diffusion-weighted (3)He MR images of mechanically ventilated rats. One approach is model-based and was presented by Yablonskiy et al., while the other approach utilizes the second order decay contribution that is predicted from the cumulant expansion theorem. Total lung coverage is achieved using a hybrid 3D pulse sequence that combines conventional phase encoding with sparse radial sampling for efficient gas usage. This enables the acquisition of nine 3D images using a total of only approximately 1 L of hyperpolarized (3)He gas. Diffusion weighting ranges from 0 s/cm(2) to 40 s/cm(2). Results show that the non-Gaussian effects of (3)He gas diffusion in healthy rat lungs are directly attributed to the anisotropic geometry of lung microstructure as predicted by the Yablonskiy model, and that quantitative analysis over the entire lung can be reliably repeated in time-course studies of the same animal.     

基于大功率LED扩展光源的均匀光斑光辐射模拟器设计

基于边缘光线原理和光学扩展量守恒思想,结合复合抛物面聚光器和轴对称自由曲面透镜,设计并研制了大功率发光二极管扩展光源的反射/折射准直器.运用Tracepro软件对系统进行光束追迹模拟仿真和实验,研制出均匀光斑的光辐射模拟器.模拟器输出发散角为±12°光束,测量距离出射面50cm处光屏的光斑,在尺寸为14cm×14cm的光照范围内,测得光斑水平方向中心线上的光度均匀度优于4.1%,竖直方向中心线上的光度均匀度优于3.8%.     

可调焦胶囊内窥镜光学系统设计

为解决胶囊内窥镜分辨率与景深相互制约的问题,将一种单液体、电控、可变焦液体透镜应用到内窥镜光学系统中进行光学设计,在保证分辨率的同时,扩大了系统景深.采用CODE V软件进行设计,建立系统初始结构,构造液体透镜模型,基于液体透镜中液体的体积不变,曲率、孔径和厚度可变的结构约束特点,在MATLAB中计算出不同物距下透镜的曲率、孔径和厚度数据,将其导入CODE V的系统模型中,并提出了相应的优化流程.设计并优化带有液体透镜的胶囊内窥镜系统,实现了系统在3~100mm景深范围内的清晰成像,视场角大于110°,全视场范围内调制传递函数在40lp/mm频率下均大于0.3.     

Adaptive discretization for signal detection in statistical inverse problems

We discuss statistical tests in inverse problems when the original equation is replaced by a discretized one, i.e. a linear system of equations. Previous studies revealed that using the discretization level as regularizing procedure is possible, but its application is limited unless discretization is restricted to the singular value decomposition, see C. Marteau and P. Mathé, General regularization schemes for signal detection in inverse problems, 2013. General linear regularization may circumvent this, and we propose a regularization of the discretized equations. The discretization level may be chosen adaptively, which may save computational budget. This results in tests which are known to yield the optimal separation rate up to some constant in many cases.     

镜面偏心测量光学系统设计及其杂光分析

为了解决现有镜面偏心测量设备存在的问题,本文研究了一种采用切换镜头和调焦相结合的方法来设计的镜面偏心测量光学系统,使用这个光学系统,既能使被测镜面的曲率半径扩展到-∞~+∞范围,又能保证测量精度。通过Lighttools软件对这个光学系统进行光线追迹,分析其杂光分布,结果表明:准直镜头内部多次反射产生的杂光强度很低,可以忽略。而当被测镜头中存在相邻球心像距的镜面时,产生的杂光强度比较大,在后续的图像处理过程中,必须增强目标图像的对比度。利用研制的镜面偏心测量设备进行测量实验,结果进一步验证了杂光分析的正确性。     

光栅投影相位法系统模型及标定方法

本文针对传统投影光栅相位法的光学三角法模型进行了改进,采用直入射光路并配合使用一种简便易行的标定方法,只需使用相移公式求取相位差,而不会引入与系统几何位置关系有关的量,简化了求取高度矩阵的要求。实验结果表明,新系统模型精度良好,测量误差为0.107 mm。采用该模型和标定方法可以克服传统方法系统模型的局限性,最大限度减少误差源并提高抗干扰性。