杏六区薄差储层有效动用界限研究

大庆长垣内部油田已进入高含水期,目前的水驱开发对象已由中高渗透层逐渐转变为薄差储层,这类储层油藏地质条件复杂,开发效益较差,已探明的储量中却有数亿吨储量主要存在于低渗透的薄差储层中.由于其微观孔隙结构和物性特征与厚油层存在差异,有些物性较差的储层甚至无法动用.以大庆油田杏六区的薄差储层为研究对象,运用压力数法和非线性渗流指数法确定有效动用的渗透率下限,利用双管并联实验确定级差上限,结合核磁共振技术与压汞实验结果给出孔喉动用的下限,得出:杏六区薄差储层有效动用的渗透率下限为1×10~(-3)μm~2;级差上限为5;流动孔喉半径下限为0.288μm,该结果为薄差储层的有效开发提供了一定的参考和借鉴.     

Crack-tip-opening displacement for four symmetrically situated cracks with coalesced interior yield zones

Crack-tip opening displacements are obtained for four collinear straight cracks, weakening an unbounded homogeneous and isotropic elastic-perfectly plastic plate. The cracks are so configured that two symmetrically situated and interiorly lying cracks are of equal-lengths. Other two exteriorly lying, collinear straight cracks (surrounding the interiorly lying straight cracks) are of mutually equal-lengths. Thus an exterior and an interior crack-set are symmetrically oriented with respect to the other interior–exterior collinear cracks-set configuration. Uniform constant load prescribed at remote boundary of the plate, opens the crack in self-similar fashion developing a strip-yield zone ahead each tip of the cracks. It is assumed that the strip-yield zone developed at each of interior tips of an exteriorly and interiorly lying crack-set configuration gets coalesced. The developed yield zones are subjected to normal cohesive yield stress to arrest the crack from further opening. The solution of the problem is obtained by superposing the solutions of the two auxiliary problems, appropriately derived from the given problem. Each of the auxiliary problems, in turn, is solved using complex variable technique. Expressions are derived for quantities of interest viz. crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD), length of each developed yield zone. The effect of applied load and closing load on the parameters CTOD and strip yield zone affecting the crack arrest is presented graphically and concluded.     

On Plane-Parallel Separated Flows of an Incompressible Fluid near Flat Boundaries

On the basis of Stokes separated flows, examples of separated flows described by the Navier-Stokes equations of a viscous incompressible fluid are constructed. These flows are represented by series convergent in a certain non-zero neighborhood of a flat contour immersed in the flow. In this neighborhood, the series have the same structure as those for the basic Stokes flows. Examples of the regions in which the series segments chosen give only a slight deviation from the numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations are presented. The comparison between inviscid separated flows (without the no-slip condition on the contour) and viscous flows of the same structure (with the no-slip condition) shows that the viscosity does not play a decisive role in the formation of separation or the type of streamline approach to or departure from the contour.     

Retention of pesticides and nutrients in a vegetated buffer root zone compared to soil with low biological activity

A laboratory study has been conducted to examine the retention processes of nitrogen and pesticides through vegetated buffer zones compared to bare soil. Soil columns with low biological activity and vegetation columns with normal biological activity were tested. Pesticides frequently used in vegetable production (namely aclonifen, azinphos-methyl, chlorpropham, diazinon, dimethoate, fluazinam, iprodione, linuron, metalaxyl, metamitron, metribuzin and propachlor) equal to 1/50 to 1/5 part of recommended doses, and nutrients equal to 1, 5 and 20 mg N/L and 0.2 mg P/L, were added. The pesticide retention was more than 60% for all pesticides, except dimethoate, with a retention of about 30% in columns with low microbial activity. Biological transformation and plant uptake were important for removal of nitrogen and organic matter. Nitrogen retention was high (over 90%) in vegetation columns. Plant uptake and phosphorus content in soil were important for phosphorus retention.     

Microstructure of Bonding Zones in Laser Clad TiC-reinforced Coating

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