Status of large scale wind turbine technology development abroad?

To facilitate the large scale (multi-megawatt) wind turbine development in China, the foreign e?orts and achievements in the area are reviewed and summarized. Not only the popular horizontal axis wind turbines on-land but also the o?shore wind turbines, vertical axis wind turbines, airborne wind turbines, and shroud wind turbines are discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive comment and assessment about the basic work principle, economic aspects, and environmental impacts of turbines.     

Influence of transmitted-laser linewidth on sensitivity and error of double-edge wind lidars

We present the results of study of the influence of the transmitted-laser linewidth on the measurement sensitivity and error of a double-edge incoherent wind lidar. The quantitative relationship between the transmitted-laser linewidth and the full width at a half maximum (FWHM) of the backscattered spectrum was simulated using the Monte Carlo method, because such relationship cannot be given by an analytic formula. The quantitative relationship was fitted using a quadratic fit and was further employed for calculating the measurement sensitivity and error. The FWHM of the backscattered spectrum increased from 3.884 GHz to 5.407 GHz, while the transmitted-laser linewidth increased from a monochromatic one to 2 GHz. The measurement greatly suffered from the broadening of the transmitted-laser linewidth. The measurement sensitivity decreased from 0.0031 to 0.0019 and the measurement error increased from 0.326 m/s to 0.524 m/s, while the signal-to-noise ratio and laser shots were both 1000.     

大跨屋盖结构非高斯风场的快速模拟算法研究

针对屋盖结构风压场的非高斯特性,本文提出一种多变量平稳非高斯风压场模拟的新方法。文中首次采用四参数指数函数表达风压过程和高斯过程之间的转换关系,推导出关于指数函数所含参数的非线性方程组,利用双变量联合高斯分布的特性获得相关函数的转换关系。通过上述方法,将非高斯风压场表达为虚拟高斯过程的函数,从而采用谐波合成法生成风压时间序列。工程实例表明,本文算法计算效率和模拟精度高,适合实际工程应用。     

脊状表面航行器模型减阻特性的风洞实验研究

针对航行器提高航程和航速的需要,开展脊状表面湍流边界层减阻的实验和数值仿真研究。在航行器模型的外表面加工具有特定形状、尺寸的脊状结构,导致湍流边界层的流动稳定性增强,壁面摩擦阻力降低。在风洞中对具有光滑表面和脊状表面的航行器模型在不同风速和攻角下进行阻力测试,得到其减阻特性曲线。实验结果表明,具有横向脊状表面的航行器模型在一定来流速度范围内具有很好的减阻效果,实验获得的最大减阻量为23.5%。数值仿真结果则发现,在脊状结构内形成了稳定的"二次涡",边界层内湍动能和湍流猝发强度降低,很好地揭示了减阻机理。     

高超声速静风洞特点和发展概述

普通的高超声速风洞来流噪声和脉动要比实际飞行高一到两个数量级,要在风洞中进行高超声速转捩机理现象的研究,发展高超声速静风洞是十分必要的。为此,首先介绍了静风洞的基本概念,讨论了静风洞的几个关键技术和层流喷管的设计方法,并对静风洞的噪声特性和诊断手段进行了简单的分析。同时论述了国际上高超声速静风洞的发展现状、基本过程和发展水平,介绍了NASA几个代表性的高超声速静风洞实例。最后,整理了国外发展静风洞的经验和成果,对建设我国高超声速静风洞具有参考和借鉴价值。     

卷弧翼气动特性研究进展

本文列举了卷弧翼在战术武器中的应用实例，介绍了卷弧翼的几何特性、气动特性、优缺点及布局设计，评述了对卷弧翼气动特性所做的理论与试验研究工作。最后指出了有待进一步研究的问题。     

High enthalpy nozzle flow sensitivity study and effects on heat transfer

The sensitivity of the flow along the nozzle and in the test section of high enthalpy wind tunnels to the thermochemical response of the nozzle expansion process, as well as effects on the pressure and heat transfer distributions over the Electre blunt cone standard test model, are examined in the framework of properly characterizing the test section flow field in such facilities. Particularly sensitive to the thermochemical behaviour of the nozzle flow, in the facilities under consideration, are the static pressure, static temperature and Mach number, whereas stagnation point (pitot) pressure and heat transfer data or freestream velocity are inadequate for the characterization of the thermochemical state of the flow. The Electre and nozzle wall pressure data in the F4 arc jet wind tunnel suggest, in contrast to nonequilibrium computations, that the flow in the F4 nozzle is close to equilibrium. In the HEG and, to some extent, the T5 piston-driven shock tunnels, there are indications that significant heat losses occur in the reservoir. Lastly, simple semi-empirical formulations for stagnation point heating are shown to perform reasonably well in high enthalpy flow conditions.     

用于低温风洞的新颖制冷方法

描述了用于低温风洞的新颖制冷系统,利用热交换器回收排气冷量预冷压缩空气,然后再用热分离器将其降至深低温作风洞气源．原理性实验结果证实新制冷方法的可行性．讨论了新制冷方法产生的有一定压力的低温空气作引射气源,引射驱动回流型风洞的特性．其制冷方法与现有低温风洞喷雾液氮制冷相比,由于仅需压缩空气而无需液氮,造价更便宜．更由于能量利用合理,效率高,因而运行成本可显著降低．     

结构设计竞赛中风力发电塔模型设计与制作

以第三届全国大学生结构设计竞赛为背景, 介绍了浙江大学参赛作品的设计与制作过程. 本届结构设计竞赛与往届相比, 命题中引入了多学科交叉的元素, 以设计制作木结构风力发电塔为目标, 除了要求结构具有足够的承载能力和刚度外, 还要求风力机具有尽可能高的发电量, 模型设计与制作难度非常大. 浙江大学参赛队将理论与实践紧密结合, 设计并制作出与本届竞赛试验条件相适应的风力发电塔, 取得了优异的成绩. 本文的设计思路和模型制作方法对结构设计竞赛有一定的参考价值.     

两种不同弦长螺旋桨的风洞试验及分析

本文介绍了两种不同弦长螺旋桨的风洞试验结果。试验在西北工业大学NF-3风洞的三元试验段进行,试验风速分别为V=20m/s、30m/s和40m/s,每个风速下,螺旋桨旋转速度为:900r/min、1200r/min、1500r/min、1800r/min、2100r/min、2400r/min、2700r/min、3000r/min、3300r/min、3600和3900r/min。风洞试验结果表明:当两种螺旋桨的翼型相同、桨叶角沿径向分布相同,但弦长沿径向的分布不同时,它们的拉力、扭矩、功率、效率以及前进比会有显著区别。其中,1#螺旋的弦长大于2#螺旋桨,在相同的试验风速和螺旋桨转速下,1#螺旋桨的拉力、扭矩和功率高于2#螺旋桨,但效率低于2#螺旋桨。