Flume testing of passively adaptive composite tidal turbine blades under combined wave and current loading

The tidal energy industry is progressing rapidly, but there are still barriers to overcome to realise the commercial potential of this sector. Large magnitude and highly variable loads caused by waves acting on the turbine are of particular concern. Composite blades with in-built bend-twist elastic response may reduce these peak loads, by passively feathering with increasing thrust. This could decrease capital costs by lowering the design loads, and improve robustness through the mitigation of pitch mechanisms. In this study, the previous research is extended to examine the performance of bend-twist blades in combined wave–current flow, which will frequently be encountered in the field. A scaled 3 bladed turbine was tested in the flume at IFREMER with bend-twist composite blades and equivalent rigid blades, sequentially under current and co-directional wave–current cases. In agreement with previous research, when the turbine was operating in current alone at higher tip speed ratios the bend-twist blades reduced the mean thrust and power compared to the rigid blades. Under the specific wave–current condition tested the average loads were similar on both blade sets. Nevertheless, the bend-twist blades substantially reduced the magnitudes of the average thrust and torque fluctuations per wave cycle, by up to 10% and 14% respectively.     

群集建筑中大跨裙摆屋盖风荷载特性的数值模拟研究

以苏州太平金融大厦为工程背景,针对其大跨裙摆屋盖的风荷载作用,首先采用RNG k-ε模型模拟分析了其平均风压分布规律,以及风向变化对屋盖表面风荷载体型系数的影响;其次,引入干扰因子IF,探讨了周边建筑对大跨裙摆屋盖风荷载的气动干扰作用。结果表明:0°风向下,走廊上方屋盖两侧区域出现“上吸下顶”的叠加作用;90°风向下屋盖北侧飘带末端区域受到狭道风效应出现正压集中现象;风向变化对大跨裙摆屋盖的风荷载体型系数分布影响较大;且周围建筑物对大跨裙摆屋盖的气动干扰效应明显,主要表现为风压“遮挡效应”,而局部区域表现为风压“放大效应”。     

动叶顶部间隙对1+1/2对转涡轮性能的影响

本文对1+1／2对转涡轮中动叶顶部间隙大小对涡轮性能的影响进行了详细的数值模拟。对涡轮总体性能参数、节距平均出口气流角、出口节距平均相对马赫数以及不同叶高的负荷进行了对照,发现间隙对1+1／2对转涡轮性能影响明显,尤其是当间隙较大时。当低压动叶间隙宽度达到高压动叶前缘叶高的4．5％时,低压动叶间隙中流动普遍超音,在设计1+1／2对转涡轮时需要加以重点考虑。     

基于微燃机的HAT循环变工况性能分析

基于某微燃机构建了HAT循环,研究了其在功率下降(ISO条件)、环境温度变化时的变工况性能,并与简单循环、回热循环和RWI(注水回热)循环的设计工况、变工况性能进行了对比。结果表明, HNI、循环和RWI循环的变工况性能相似且好于简单循环和回热循环。其中,空气湿化程度的调整对于HAT循环变工况性能的稳定性起重要作用。但由于没有设置中冷器,且微燃机循环中可资利用的(火用)较少,HAT循环设计工况和变工况性能相对于其它循环的优势没有得到充分体现。     

1+1/2对转涡轮低压动叶激波结构的研究

本文对1 1／2对转涡轮低压动叶中激波结构等进行了详细的数值模拟．通过对流道中静压和马赫数等参数的分析发现,当高压动叶外伸波扫过低压动叶流道时,低压动叶前缘吸力面处产生了一道脱体弧形激波,流道中吸力面上产生了一道正激波,在脱体激波和正激波之间,存在着较强的膨胀波,这种分布与跨音压气机叶栅中的波系结构相似．当高压动叶尾迹扫过低压动叶时,低压动叶吸力面的压力会产生明显的波动,出现一个随时间变化的低压区．     

轴流式水轮机三维非定常湍流计算及压力脉动预测

水轮机的稳定性研究是目前工程上大型水轮机组流动分析的重要课题,本文以某水电站的大型轴流转桨式水轮机原型为基础建立计算模型,完成了从蜗壳进口到尾水管出口整个流道的非定常湍流计算,预测了固定导叶进口、转轮后、尾水管进口等多个位置的压力脉动,并利用FFT变换进行分析得到了压力脉动的频率和幅值,探讨了水轮机全流道内压力脉动产生和传播的原理．     

风力机叶片气动噪声的影响参数*

随着风力机的大型化,风电机组对环境的影响不容忽视,必须对风力机气动噪声进行预测和控制。选取基于NACA、DU翼型的某风力机叶片作为研究基准,采用修正BPM半经验模型计算叶片的气动噪声特性,通过改变翼型族、弦长、机组运行状态、风切变指数、来流风向参数,研究叶片外形几何参数、机组运行工况对叶片气动噪声源的影响。计算结果从多个角度总结出水平轴风力机叶片气动噪声的变化规律,为开发高效低噪风电叶片提供参考。     

基于LBM方法的风力发电机尾流结构仿真

针对传统CFD数值计算方法难以实现风力机动态旋转及其旋转状态下的流固耦合计算,本文结合格子玻尔兹曼(LBM)方法易于处理动态复杂边界的特点及大涡模拟(LES)方法在非稳态涡流结构捕捉上的优势,采用LBM-LES联合方法进行三维风力发电机整机气动性能及尾流结构仿真研究,同时采用尺度自适应方法对尾涡结构进行跟踪和精细化计算。针对NREL PhaseⅥ型试验机进行模拟,得到了与实验结果吻合的流动形态及尾流结构演变规律,分析了尾流区速度演变规律并对比了不同亚格子湍流模型对计算结果的影响.     

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Purge Flow and Main Flow Interaction in a Low-Speed Turbine Cascade Passage

In order to protect the vulnerable turbine components from extreme high temperature, coolant flow is introduced from the compressor to the disk cavity, inevitably interacting with the main flow. This paper describes an experimental investigation of the interaction between the main flow and the purge flow in a low-speed turbine cascade with three purge flow rates, Cm = 0, Cm = 1%, and Cm = 2%. In order to study the effect of the interaction between the main flow and the purge flow on the secondary flows, a Rortex method developed by Liu Chaoquan is introduced to identify the vortex in the flow field. In the meantime, a method to calculate the mean entropy production rate based on the particle image velocimetry (PIV) result is adopted to investigate the flow loss. The PIV result indicates that the purge flow has a prominent impact on the flow field of the cascade passage, changing the velocity distribution that induces a local blockage area. The results of vortex identification show that the purge flow promotes the generation of the passage vortex near the suction side. In addition, the purge flow makes the passage vortex migrate to the tip wall direction, enlarging the region affected by the secondary flow. The mean entropy production (MEP) result shows that the flow loss is mainly caused by the passage vortex. The coincidence of the high-MEP region and the location of the passage vortex indicates that the purge flow increases the secondary flow loss by affecting the formation and the migration of the passage vortex.     

燃气透平叶片表面颗粒沉积特性数值研究进展

污染物颗粒在燃气透平叶片表面及冷却通道内的沉积将影响透平叶片的冷却特性和安全服役寿命。国外许多研究机构对燃气透平叶片表面污染物颗粒沉积特性及其与叶片气膜冷却的相互作用机制进行了持续研究。本文首次系统总结了近年来燃气透平叶片表面污染物颗粒沉积特性数值研究进展,重点介绍了燃气透平叶栅流道内污染物颗粒的沉积机制、颗粒沉积和脱离物理模型以及颗粒沉积与透平叶片冷却特性相互作用的数值模拟方法和研究成果。基于当前研究热点和发展趋势,结合作者的研究经历,指出了国内在研发先进燃气轮机透平冷却结构时应注意的问题和方向,为高效、燃料适应性更广的燃气轮机技术自主开发奠定基础。