Absolute intensity measurements of impurity emissions in a shock tunnel and their consequences for laser-induced fluorescence experiments

Absolute intensity measurements of impurity emissions in a shock tunnel nozzle flow are presented. The impurity emission intensities were measured with a photomultiplier and optical multichannel analyser and calibrated against an intensity standard. The various metallic contaminants were identified and their intensities measured in the spectral regions 290 to 330 nm and 375 to 385 nm. A comparison with calculated fluorescence intensities for predissociated laser-induced fluorescence signals is made. It is found that the emission background is negligible for most fluorescence experiments.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag T_EX Shock Waves macro package 1.0 and the AMS fonts, developed by the American Mathematical Society.     

京承高速公路新道沟连拱隧道的优化设计

本文以京承高速公路新道沟连拱隧道为实例,应用有限元数值方法对连拱隧道二次衬砌的围岩抗力、应力、变形及其稳定性等问题进行了模拟与分析。首先,基于连拱衬砌的结构型式,作者建立了该隧道的数值模型,并提出用弹性杆单元按作用力等效的原则模拟围岩抗力;根据数值模拟结果对隧道支护结构的承载能力进行了讨论,并基于规范对二次衬砌进行了结构强度校核。该研究结果为新道沟隧道支护结构设计的优化提供了科学依据。     

小间距隧道爆破开挖动力效应数值模拟研究

从爆破施工的特点入手，对小间距隧道在采用典型双侧导坑法时的爆破施工动力效应进行了数值模拟研究，给出了爆破施工在已有洞室周边产生的动力效应的一般规律，指出在爆破（后开挖洞室）开挖影响区以内，合理确定已有洞室二次衬砌施作时间的重要性，并给出了爆破施工对已有洞室稳定性影响较大的关键开挖位置。研究表明，爆破动载荷对小间距隧道围岩稳定性的影响主要表现为爆炸应力波造成围岩临空面的反射拉伸破坏，破坏较严重的是已有洞室的迎爆墙、拱脚、拱顶等部位。所得结论对小间距隧道爆破施工有一定的参考价值。     

不同体型建筑物尾流作用下的高层建筑的风荷载特性

采用高频底座力天平方法,研究了不同断面形状的施扰建筑对一典型断面受扰建筑的静力和动力干扰影响,分析了正方形断面施扰建筑和非正方形断面施扰建筑的干扰效应的差异和产生差异的干扰机理。结果表明:施扰建筑断面形状的改变对静力干扰的影响不显著,但对于动力响应方面则有非常明显的影响。由于位于上游的切角断面施扰建筑脱落的在其尾流中的漩涡频率要明显大于正方形断面施扰建筑的涡脱频率,使得其产生的最大包络动力干扰因子值(EIF)要显著高于断面为正方形施扰建筑的EIF值,最大可达4.41(顺风向)和3.69(横风向),相比断面为正方形的高出142%和82.7%。     

大型低速二元风洞侧壁边界层控制及对单段翼型实验结果的影响

本文简述了ＮＦ－３风洞二元实验段侧壁边界层吹除控制系统及具有吹气的模型实验方法，给出了不同吹气系数对风洞边界层的控制效果以及对相对厚度为７％的单段翼型实验结果的影响。初步实验研究结果表明，该控制系统能有效地改善风洞侧壁边界层的流动状态，减小侧壁干扰，改善翼型实验中的二元流动特性     

考虑几何与材料及静风荷载的非线性因素的大跨径桥梁静风稳定分析法

针对现有的桥梁静风稳定分析方法中存在的问题，提出了增量与内外两重迭代相结合的新方法，并且考虑了结构几何、材料和静风荷载非线性。在上述方法的基础上，编制了桥梁非线性空气静力稳定分析程序BNAP，并进行了相应的算例分析，所得结果表明该方法具有计算稳定和速度快的优点。最后，以一座主跨1000米的斜拉桥为例，分析了结构几何非线性、材料非线性和静风荷载非线性对大跨径桥梁空气静力稳定性的影响。     

Experimental investigations on the dynamic behavior of a 2-DOF airfoil in the transitional Re number regime based on digital-image correlation measurements

The present paper investigates the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) of a wing with two degrees of freedom (DOF), i.e., pitch and heave, in the transitional Reynolds number regime. This 2-DOF setup marks a classic configuration in aeroelasticity to demonstrate flutter stability of wings. In the past, mainly analytic approaches have been developed to investigate this challenging problem under simplifying assumptions such as potential flow. Although the classical theory offers satisfying results for certain cases, modern numerical simulations based on fully coupled approaches, which are more generally applicable and powerful, are still rarely found. Thus, the aim of this paper is to provide appropriate experimental reference data for well-defined configurations under clear operating conditions. In a follow-up contribution these will be used to demonstrate the capability of modern simulation techniques to capture instantaneous physical phenomena such as flutter. The measurements in a wind tunnel are carried out based on digital-image correlation (DIC). The investigated setup consists of a straight wing using a symmetric NACA 0012 airfoil. For the experiments the model is mounted into a frame by means of bending and torsional springs imitating the elastic behavior of the wing. Three different configurations of the wing possessing a fixed elastic axis are considered. For this purpose, the center of gravity is shifted along the chord line of the airfoil influencing the flutter stability of the setup. Still air free-oscillation tests are used to determine characteristic properties of the unloaded system (e.g. mass moment of inertia and damping ratios) for one (pitch or heave) and two degrees (pitch and heave) of freedom. The investigations on the coupled 2-DOF system in the wind tunnel are performed in an overall chord Reynolds number range of $9.66\times 10^3\le \text{Re}\le 8.77\times 10^4$. The effect of the fluid-load induced damping is studied for the three configurations. Furthermore, the cases of limit-cycle oscillation (LCO) as well as diverging flutter motion of the wing are characterized in detail. In addition to the DIC measurements, hot-film measurements of the wake flow for the rigid and the oscillating airfoil are presented in order to distinguish effects originating from the flow and the structure.     

白洋淀内水体的流动特征研究

研究了风对白洋淀内水体循环流动的影响，研究指出：(1)风应力可看作是水体循环 的主要驱动力. (2)在风应力的作用下，水体表层的流动主方向与风的方向一致，下层水体 的流动方向与表层方向相逆或近似相逆. (3)表层以下水体流动复杂，次表层水平流动有明 显的双涡结构. (4)淀底地形对水体垂向流动影响很大，垂向速度变化复杂，垂向上有双涡 流动现象. 从动力学角度研究了淀内水体流动的情况.     

高耸异型烟囱结构风压和风振系数试验研究

本文在模拟的大气边界层中,对某一发电厂高耸异型烟囱的刚性模型进行了测压试验研究,得到了这一结构的平均风压系数、最大和最小风压系数分布,以及该结构的风荷载体型系数;结果表明在烟囱外形明显变化的局部区域,风压绝对值较大,与理论分析一致。同时,对动态测力试验模型进行了高频动态天平测力试验研究,详细介绍了试验及数据处理方法,根据试验结果计算得到了该烟囱在风作用下的动力响应和风振系数;根据试验结果计算所得的风振系数值大于按规范公式估算值。这些结果不仅为结构的风荷载计算提供了依据,也有助于进一步认识该类异性烟囱结构的风荷载和风振特性。