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141.
近年来, 随着物联网、无线传感器网络和便携式医疗设备的迅速发展, 如何为这些独立设备提供可靠、清洁和自给的能源成为其发展的关键. 传统的化学电池不仅寿命有限, 而且庞大的电池数量带来了高昂的维护成本, 废弃后的电池还会给环境保护带来更大的负担. 自然环境中风能分布广泛、储藏量大且无污染, 是绿色可再生能源. 将风能转换为电能是目前能源利用的重点. 然而, 涡轮风力发电机投资巨大、对风场要求高、占地面积大、维修困难, 同时产生的噪声和生态问题日益突出. 目前, 如何利用新材料和简单结构实现低速风能的高效收集正在成为国内外研究的热点. 基于涡激振动的微型风能收集器是目前较为有效的风能收集技术之一, 有望实现分散分布的无线传感器自供电. 文章从涡激振动能量收集器的工作原理、研究进展、效率提升方法等方面综述了涡激振动能量收集器的研究现状. 着重讨论了钝体形态优化、非线性特性引入、多风向风能收集结构设计和混合风能收集器设计等增强方案对涡激振动风能收集器性能的影响, 为高性能涡激振动能量收集器的设计提供参考. 最后, 对涡激振动风能收集器面临的关键问题与难点进行了分析和总结, 并对今后的研究方向和未来的发展前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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143.
针对忽略岩土体非均质和各向异性将导致边坡稳定性评价产生误差的问题,应用极限分析上限理论及抗剪强度系数折减法,推导土体强度非均质和各向异性影响下隧道洞口含裂缝仰坡稳定性解析式,探究土体强度非均质和各向异性对仰坡稳定性系数、坡顶裂缝位置、隧道拱顶失稳范围及仰坡安全系数的影响。结果表明,裂缝深度及坡角越大,仰坡稳定性系数越小;非均质系数越大和各向异性系数越小,维持仰坡稳定的临界坡高越大;非均质系数及各向异性系数越大,裂缝距坡顶边缘越远,隧道拱顶失稳范围越大;非均质系数增大有利于仰坡稳定,而各向异性系数越大仰坡越易失稳。 相似文献
144.
为研究后施工隧道爆破开挖对邻近隧道的影响,以格鲁吉亚E60高速公路隧道为工程背景,通过对大断面浅埋双线隧道爆破开挖进行数值模拟,探究爆破荷载对不同间距、不同埋深、不同围岩等级的邻近隧道振速的影响。结果表明:爆破荷载以后施工隧道掌子面为中心向四周围岩传播;在邻近隧道距爆源前方5 m的断面处围岩振速达到最大值,邻近隧道中爆源前方振速大于后方振速,且迎爆侧振速远远大于背爆侧振速,迎爆侧振速衰减速率大于背爆侧振速衰减速率,邻近隧道拱腰受到爆破荷载的影响最明显;邻近隧道围岩的x 方向振速最大,z 方向振速次之,y 方向振速最小;不同条件下隧道间距、隧道埋深和围岩等级均与邻近隧道围岩及初期支护振速成反比,其中围岩等级对邻近隧道爆破的影响最显著。 相似文献
145.
针对运载火箭主动飞行段,设计一种适用于球头双锥整流罩的嵌入式大气数据测量系统(flush air data sensing,FADS),并进行运载火箭FADS实施方案和求解精度研究。采用风洞试验手段对迎角误差、侧滑角误差以及形压系数进行标定,结果表明:FADS在飞行Mach数0.4~5.0范围内能够较为准确辨识出实时风场参数变化,攻角、侧滑角测量绝对误差小于0.5°,Mach数测量绝对误差小于0.1,静压相对误差小于5%。嵌入式大气数据测量技术在运载火箭风场实时修正、飞行控制和主动减载等专业领域具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
146.
采用气动力/结构耦合的方法对一种安定面结构进行静气动弹性发散分析,并设计相关风洞试验进行验证。为保证数值分析的精度,气动力计算采用CFD方法,结构变形计算采用有限元方法。风洞试验采用侧壁插入机构支撑,通过应变测量和高速摄像记录静气动弹性发散特性。以该安定面模型为研究对象,开展超声速状态静气动弹性发散特性研究,数值计算和风洞试验结果表明:CFD/CSD耦合方法可准确预测静气弹发散边界,静气动弹性发散呈现出一种爆发性的破坏形式,静气动弹性不稳定结构,在有攻角状态更容易出现弹性载荷超出结构强度极限,产生破坏,破坏时动压未达到发散边界。准确预测飞行器静气弹发散边界对飞行器结构设计十分必要。 相似文献
147.
针对Mach数8以上(Ma>8)冲压发动机地面试验能力不足问题,基于FD-21高能脉冲风洞,开展了吸气式推进试验技术探索,提升了FD-21风洞的重活塞驱动能力,获得了总压18.66 MPa、总温3 950 K、Ma=9.62、静压436.6 Pa、速度3 km/s的高焓大动压模拟流场,同时发展了高时间分辨率吸收光谱测量技术和基于重模型自由飞原理的发动机推阻测量方法.在此基础上,设计了弯曲激波压缩二元发动机,构建了燃料在线供应与喷注控制、模型悬挂与瞬态释放及相关测量一体的试验系统,在所建立的Ma=9.62风洞模拟环境中进行了集成验证试验,定量测得了有/无氢气射流与空气/氮气超声速气流作用下二元发动机的壁面压力、吸收光谱峰值吸收率、轴向力等数据,并利用纹影观测到了进气道唇口与燃烧室部位的波系特征.多次试验所得的壁面压力、峰值吸收率、轴向力随时间变化曲线均存在2 ms以上的平台,表明二元发动机建立了准定常流动.冷热态及氮气对照组对应的壁面压力分布、峰值吸收率、轴向力等数据呈现出了明显不同,且二者规律近似一致,一方面说明所建立的模拟流场、燃烧诊断技术、发动机推阻测量技术是有效的,另一方面也表明二元发动机实现了点火燃烧、获得有效热功转换,为后续相关研究奠定了良好的基础. 相似文献
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149.
MA Lian;MA Qinglu;FU Binglin;WANG Jianghua 《光子学报》2022,51(12):326-338
In highway tunnels in mountainous areas, there is insufficient illumination intensity in a closed environment at night, and after imaging, the average pixel illumination intensity is low. The data information obtained by a single sensor is usually limited. Multiple sensors improve the image fusion performance at the tunnel mouth with low illumination. Infrared sensors use the thermal radiation generated by the object to achieve automatic detection and capture the object under the condition of low illumination; visible images provide rich background information. The image information of infrared and visible light and the electromagnetic spectrum is fused to obtain enhanced and more comprehensive scene information. Image processing in a low-illumination environment has always been a hot issue in academic research. This paper used Convolution Sparse Representation (CSR), Spectral Edge (SE) and local energy features for image fusion. An intelligent sensing method for spatial information of highway tunnels under static and dynamic light environments is proposed. The denoising and fusion are processed simultaneously to avoid the loss of visible and near-infrared information during fusion processing. Bilateral filtering and light component are used for adaptive image enhancement of low-illuminance infrared and visible light source images at the tunnel mouth. Gamma correction is used to correct the illumination component to avoid distortion during image enhancement. In order to improve the visual information presented by visible tunnel light, infrared and original visible image are fused to enhance the dark details of infrared pixels. In order to further improve the feedback of multiple information in the image, the non-subsampled contour is used to decompose the preprocessed image in multi-scale and multi-direction. The non-subsampled pyramid and non-subsampled directional filter are the main components of the non-subsampled contour wave. The k -layer decomposition of the preprocessed source image, k +1 subband image with the same size can be obtained. The algorithm uses bilateral filters to decompose a single low-frequency subgraph decomposed by k layers into low-frequency basic components and detail feature components, respectively, for visible image and near-infrared images. The former is fused by local energy features, while the detail feature components are fused by convolution sparse representation strategy. The weighted local energy preserves structured information. Since simple weighting often leads to fading of infrared targets, the local feature energy ratio is used to measure the details extracted to maintain the brightness of fusion targets. A new activity measurement method and spectral edge processing were constructed at the high-frequency coefficients according to the underlying visual features; edge information is injected into the multi-source image to extract high-frequency information. Finally, the fusion coefficients were reconstructed to obtain the fused image. Four groups of visible and infrared source images captured by simulating the driver's line of sight were fused and compared with the algorithm results. The experiments were compared and analyzed from subjective evaluation and objective evaluation. Experimental results show that the CSR-SE-Energy algorithm overcomes the traditional \"SR\" and \"pseudo-Gibbs\" effects, makes up for the shortcomings of poor correlation between images, and saves Energy information and edge details. The fusion algorithm outperforms BF, SE, NSCT-BF, SF-Energy-Q and SR-C&L in subjective evaluation. The subjective visual effect has high contrast and good identification, the whole image scene can be highlighted, and the running time can be shortened. In objective evaluation, the highest MI value was 7.596 2, the highest IE value was 7.764 2, and the highest standard deviation value was 82.194 1. Compared with BF, SE, NSCT-BF, SF-energy-Q and SR-C&L algorithms. This method has significant reference significance in reducing noise, equalizing illumination and restoring details. When processing the image at the entrance and exit of the low illumination tunnel, the operation time is reduced by 0.023 2 s at most, reducing the overall operation cost and improving the image's robustness and visual clarity. 相似文献
150.
Guan ZHOU;Libo LI;Di FU;Yafei ZHANG;Yutao FENG;Changhai LIU 《光子学报》2022,51(6):286-295
The wind information of the middle and upper atmosphere is very important to study the coupling of the upper and lower atmosphere and energy, to ensure the smooth development of spacecraft space activities, and to carry out medium and long-term meteorological predictions. The doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne wind measurement technology is a technique based on the Fourier transform of the interferogram to realize the detection of the doppler frequency shift of the wind. Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne is a new passive wind detection technology. For the interferometer, the processing and assembly errors of optical components and structural components, and the aberration of the optical system will distort the interference image. Introducing inversion error in the process of wind speed measurement. The current research on DASH interferogram distortion has not analyzed the influence of interferogram distortion on the accuracy of Doppler phase inversion and lacks the quantitative theoretical basis for the design, processing, and adjustment of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne. In this paper, we analyzed the sources of different distortion in Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne. Then by adding different types and sizes of interferogram distortions to the interferograms of the red and green oxygen emission line, the simulation compares the difference between the distorted interferogram’s and the ideal interferogram’s Doppler phase. By adding optical distortion, local bending, slanted fringes and frequency changed these four different forms of interferogram distortion, we got the influence of distortion on the accuracy of Doppler phase inversion. The results show that the Doppler phase error will increase with the increase of the target wind field and interferogram distortion. The Doppler phase error of optical distortion is also will increase with the increase of the target wind field but will fluctuate increase with the increase of interferogram distortion. Among these four different forms of interferogram distortion, the local bending of fringes has the greatest influence on Doppler phase inversion. The phase error increases by 0.113‰ for each additional pixel of the local bending. But the maximum phase error is only 0.03‰ under the condition of 2% distortion. To further explore the influence of local bending sizes and location, we simulate various interferograms with local bending of different sizes and locations. The result shows that the Doppler phase error fluctuation decreases and gradually converges when the size increases. And the phase error fluctuates with the change of position. The fluctuation amount in the first half is small, and the fluctuation in the second half increases gradually. The phase error generated by the same bending at the sampling center is larger than that at the sampling edge. Therefore, attention should be paid to the small distortion in the sampling center area, and if necessary, interferogram correction should be performed to reduce the phase error. The simulation of errors caused by local bending on systems with different fringe frequencies shows that the same amount of bending will have a greater impact on systems with high fringe frequencies. In addition, interferogram with a low signal-to-noise ratio usually uses multiple rows of pixels of the interferogram to reduce uncertainty of phase. Local modulation is reduced when multiple rows of pixels of the distorted interferogram are merged. In order to find out the actual impact of the distorted interferogram in multiple rows of pixels of interferogram, we simulate different interferograms with local bending of different local bending max offset, in different signal-to-noise ratio and modulation. The result shows that even local modulation is reduced when multiple rows of pixels of the distorted interferogram are merged, but the phase uncertainty of the interferogram will not increase. Therefore, even if the interferogram has defects, multiple rows of pixels can be merged to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and reduce the phase uncertainty. This article may provide a quantitative theoretical reference for the design, processing, and adjustment of the Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne. 相似文献