基质组分改变对燃烧法合成YAG:Ce3+微晶发光性能的影响

利用燃烧法在较低温度下制备了白光LED用YAG:Ce3+微晶.通过XRD研究了它的构成,发现分别用B3+、Ga3+离子替代Al3+和La3+、Gd3+替代Y3+离子后晶格发生了改变;并通过SEM观察了荧光粉的形貌.测量了该材料的激发光谱和发射光谱,发射峰的位置和强度随基质的改变而变化.用其它离子替代Y3+或Al3+离子可有效地实现发射光谱的红移和蓝移,以适应不同情况对波长的需要.     

Complex White Noise and Coherent State Representations

An infinite-dimensional extension of a coherent state representation is discussed within the framework of white noise calculus. The exponential vectors (unnormalized coherent states) and the complex Gaussian integral play a role in such representations of a white noise function and of a white noise operator.     

On the Phase Portrait of a Harmonic Oscillator with Friction Perturbed by a Random Process of White Noise Type

We study the phase portrait of a harmonic oscillator with friction for the case in which random perturbations of white noise type expressed in the Itô form act at a certain angle to the phase velocity vector.     

Experimental analysis of rolling contact stresses in a viscoelastic strip

An experimental approach to two-dimensional, viscoelastic, steadily moving rolling contact is described. The photoviscoelastic technique is employed for the analysis of rolling contact stresses between a viscoelastic plate and a rigid rolling cylinder in which the principal axes of stress, strain and birefringence are not coincident with each other. Using an elliptically polarized white light, the distribution of isochromatic fringe order and the principal axes of birefringence at an instant are determined from a single photoviscoelastic image. The time variations of the differences of the principal stresses and strains, as well as their directions, are obtained by use of the optical constitutive equations of photoviscoelasticity. The experimental results involving the time variation of the stresses around the contact surface and their distributions are analyzed.     

Highly charged ion Coulomb crystallization in mixed strongly coupled plasmas

The investigation of highly charged ion Coulomb crystallization in mixed strongly coupled plasmas is of interest in many areas: white dwarf astrophysical plasmas are believed to have very similar thermodynamic properties, cold highly charged ions can be used as an object for high precision laser spectroscopy of fine and hyperfine transitions in the visible due to the absence of Doppler broadening and, an entirely new area of research is the potential application to highly charged ion based quantum computing schemes. We report the formation of such plasmas in a cryogenic Penning trap. These plasmas consisting of many species including Be⁺ and Xe⁴⁴⁺ or Be⁺ and Xe¹⁵⁺ ions, are formed at a temperature of less than 4 K. The temperatures were obtained by applying a laser based sympathetic cooling scheme. The determination of the temperature and density from the laser resonance width and the fluorescence imaging of the Be⁺ clouds, respectively, yields a Coulomb coupling constant for the centrifugally separated Xe plasma high enough for crystallization. A molecular dynamics code, developed just for this purpose, was run to clarify the understanding of these plasmas and it was possible to show consistency between experiment and simulation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

黄冶窑白瓷的物相和微观结构研究

以黄冶窑四个时期的白瓷样品作为研究对象,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对样品进行分析,结果表明:黄冶窑白瓷胎的物相基本相同,主要是莫来石、α石英和方石英、未熔石英和少量的粘土相;黄冶窑白瓷釉中有气泡存在,釉中气泡为圆形,釉中存在微米级的针状或柱状钙长石晶体,釉存在分相结构,且分相结构与析晶相伴而生;黄冶窑白瓷胎中有气孔、未熔的石英颗粒、较大的Ti颗粒、莫来石晶体和石英晶体。The white porcelain samples of the four periods of Huangye kiln were studied in this paper, and the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the material phase is basically the same of the white porcelain bodies from Huangye kiln, and mainly mullite, alpha quartz and cristobalite, unmelted quartz and a small amount of clay phase; There are some round bubbles in HuangYe kiln white porcelain, glazes, so are some feldspathic crystals with micro-level needles or columnar. It is evident to observe phase separation structure, which is accompanied by the birth. Apart from some pores, unfused quartz particles, larger Ti particles, mullite crystals and quartz crystals can also be found in the embryo of Huangye kiln white porcelain.     

一次性聚苯乙烯发泡塑料餐具解禁事件及其对化学教学的启示

“一次性聚苯乙烯发泡塑料餐具”在禁用14年之后,近期被国家发展和改革委员会“解禁”,并引起社会的广泛关注和争论。“一次性发泡塑料餐具”问题也是化学教学中经常涉及的“热点”问题之一,因此“解禁”事件也必然会影响到化学教学。结合“一次性发泡塑料餐具”生产的化学工艺流程,分析了其“解禁”原因,探讨了“解禁”事件对化学教学的几点启示。     

Light-Struck Taste in White Wine: Protective Role of Glutathione,Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrolysable Tannins

Light exposure of white wine can cause a light-struck taste (LST), a fault induced by riboflavin (RF) and methionine (Met) leading to the formation of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), including methanethiol (MeSH) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). The study aimed to investigate the impact of different antioxidants, i.e., sulfur dioxide (SO₂), glutathione (GSH) and chestnut tannins (CT), on preventing LST in model wine (MW) and white wine (WW), both containing RF and Met. Both MW and WW samples were added with the antioxidants, either individually or in different combinations, prior to 2-h light exposure and they were stored in the dark for 24 months. As expected, the light induced the degradation of RF in all the conditions assayed. Met also decreased depending on the antioxidants added. The presence of antioxidants limited the formation of LST as lower concentrations of VSCs were found in both MW and WW samples. In the latter matrix, neither MeSH nor DMDS were detected in the presence of CT, while only DMDS was found in WW+GSH, WW+SO₂+GSH and WW+CT+SO₂ samples at a concentration lower than the perception thresholds. Considering the antioxidants individually, the order of their effectiveness was CT ≥ GSH > SO₂ in WW under the adopted experimental conditions. The results indicate tannins as an effective enological tool for preventing LST in white wine and their use will be further investigated in different white wines under industrial scale.     

食用调和油是否变质的快速检验

如何在家快速检验外观尚无变化的食用调和油是否变质？根据食用调和油酸败变质的原因和产物,结合已有的专业检验方法,通过大量的对比实验,找到了简单易行的快速检验方法,即以白醋作溶剂,用碘化钾淀粉试纸检测食用调和油是否变质。     

魔幻尺寸ＣｄＳｅ纳米簇的连续生长与室温光学性质

以镉的脂肪酸盐和分散在三辛基膦中的硒单质分别作为镉和硒的前体,采用十二烷基硫醇做“成核剂”,十二烷基胺为活化剂,在非配位溶剂十八碳烯中,实现了连续尺寸高质量魔幻尺寸半导体纳米簇（ＣｄＳｅ）的合成。所得ＣｄＳｅ纳米簇的形态和光学性质分别通过透射电子显微镜、紫外可见吸收光谱、荧光激发光谱、荧光发射光谱及时间分辨的荧光光谱测试技术进行了表征和测定。该系列ＣｄＳｅ纳米簇具有良好的室温荧光性质,能够得到较强的以往只有低温（５～２００Ｋ）下才能探测到的荧光光谱。所得发射光谱大部分为表面缺陷导致的黄光发射。部分尺寸的纳米簇能够实现白光发射,其ＣＩＥ坐标为（０.３３９,０.３４０）,为白光光源的开发提供了备选材料。