ID29: a high‐intensity highly automated ESRF beamline for macromolecular crystallography experiments exploiting anomalous scattering

ID29 is an ESRF undulator beamline with a routinely accessible energy range of between 20.0 keV and 6.0 keV (λ = 0.62 Å to 2.07 Å) dedicated to the use of anomalous dispersion techniques in macromolecular crystallography. Since the beamline was first commissioned in 2001, ID29 has, in order to provide an improved service to both its academic and proprietary users, been the subject of almost continuous upgrade and refurbishment. It is now also the home to the ESRF Cryobench facility, ID29S. Here, the current status of the beamline is described and plans for its future are briefly outlined.     

海南制浆树种中主要成分的近红外分析与模型优化

为提高制浆树种的利用效率,缓解国内制浆造纸原料短缺的现状,降低行业污染与总体成本,尝试将近红外光谱技术用于海南省制浆树种的成分含量分析,以期根据实时所得成分含量相应调整工艺参数。用结构简单、易改装的全息光栅分光近红外光谱仪采集了海南省常见的适龄制浆树种（尾细桉、尾巨桉、尾叶桉、马占相思和粗果相思）共205个样本的近红外光谱,按传统实验室方法分析其主要成分--综纤维素和木质素的含量。选择合适的预处理方法与偏最小二乘法结合,建立了两种分析模型,并通过遗传算法剔除不相关的变量,筛选出特征波段,明确综纤维素和木质素的特征吸收,优化了模型。其中综纤维素分析模型建立时采用Savitzky-Golay 13点3倍平滑、矢量归一化和一阶导数预处理原始光谱,1 150.3～2 362.0 nm波段参与建模。筛选出的波段包含了1 188～1 196 nm之间CH₃中C-H伸缩振动的二级倍频吸收,1 742～1 633 nm区间内O-H伸缩振动的一级倍频,2 112 nm附近O-H变形振动、O-H伸缩振动的合频等纤维素的特征吸收;也包含了1 470～1 495 nm之间O-H伸缩振动的一级倍频,1 906和1 911 nm附近C═O伸缩振动的二级倍频等聚戊糖的特征吸收。模型RMSEP值为0.55%,绝对偏差范围为-0.91%～0.87%。木质素分析模型建立时采用Savitzky-Golay 13点3倍平滑、多元信号校正和二阶导数预处理原始光谱,1 137.6～1 872.5和2 131.0～2 424.1 nm波段参与建模。筛选出的波段包含了1 143 nm附近苯环C-H伸缩振动的二级倍频吸收和CH₃的C-H伸缩振动的二级倍频吸收,1 670～1 684 nm处苯环C-H伸缩振动的一级倍频,2 205 nm附近C-H、C═O伸缩振动的合频等木质素的特征吸收。模型RMSEP值为0.45%,绝对偏差范围为-0.76%～0.79%。两个模型的RPD值分别为4.71和3.47,均能满足制浆树种主要成分在线快速分析测定的工业需求。同时,本研究为制浆树种近红外表征体系的建立提供了理论依据,对近红外技术助力制浆造纸工业由自动化向智能化转变具有较为显著的意义。     

RhXⅥ-InXX离子n=4 Complex跃迁谱线和振子强度的计算

 对类锌等电子序列ZnI–SnXXI离子n=4Complex组态的能级结构和组态相互作用进行了理论分析。通过分析HXR方法理论计算值与实验值之差DE随Zc的变化关系，找出了用于最小二乘拟合计算的半经验拟合公式，用此公式预测了CdXIX–InXX离子n=4Complex中至今还没有实验值的部分能级。给出了4s²-4s4p, 4s4p-4s4d跃迁波长和相应的HXR方法计算的振子强度，同时也对预测能级值的可靠性作了说明。     

Correlative studies in optical reflectance measurements of cerebral blood oxygenation

A numerical study is made of correlation development for measuring cerebral blood oxygen saturation (StO) noninvasively using optical reflectance ratio of dual wavelengths. The Monte Carlo (MC) method was used for simulating reflectance measurements in a model neck tissue, where the cerebral blood oxygenation was monitored through the blood flows in the common carotid artery (CCA) and jugular vein. Reflectance ratios between two wavelengths at 633 and 800 nm were obtained under different blood vessel conditions. The results revealed a quantifiable correlation between the reflectance ratio and the cerebral StO level. Correlations for each of the blood vessel parameters such as the location, size, and hemoglobin concentration of the CCA or jugular vein (JV) were developed.     

一种同时分辨识别Zn2+和F-离子的双功能探针

由8-甲酰基-7-羟基香豆素与碳酰肼经一步缩合反应可制得探针1。研究发现,探针1对Zn²⁺和F^-离子均呈现荧光增强和比率比色的高灵敏和高选择性响应,检出限低至10^-8 mol·L^-1。通过光谱、ITC、¹H NMR滴定及质谱分析,详细地研究了探针与离子形成的配合物性质。在不同的介质中,探针不仅同时表现出对金属阳离子Zn²⁺和对阴离子F^-的识别,而且吸收和发射波长均有显著的差异：1-Zn²⁺配合物的最大吸收波长为360 nm,而1-F^-配合物为400 nm;1-Zn²⁺配合物的荧光激发和发射波长分别为360和454 nm,而1-F^-配合物分别为400和475 nm。此外,探针1还能应用于活体PC3细胞中Zn²⁺的荧光成像。     

Optimized prediction of sugar content in ‘Snow’ pear using near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with chemometrics

In near-infrared spectroscopy applications, the original spectra often contain redundant information, which will seriously affect the performance of chemometric models. Therefore, preprocessing, effective wavelengths selection, and appropriate regression models are essential. The objective of this study was to optimize the nondestructive determination multivariate calibration model of sugar content in ‘Snow’ pears, using near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. All data (sugar content reference values and spectra data) from three measuring positions (P1, P2, and P3, marked around the pear’s equator at angular distances of approximately 120°) were divided into four grouped datasets, namely Set-1 (P1), Set-2 (P2), Set-3 (P3), and Set-4 (average of the three measuring positions). All subsequent optimized processes were performed based on each grouped dataset. First, different preprocessing methods were tested and an optimal method was determined. Then, synergy interval partial least squares and synergy interval partial least squares-competitive adaptive reweighted sampling were applied to select effective regions and effective wavelengths from all wavelengths, respectively, and partial least squares regression models were established and analyzed. In addition, support vector regression models were also established for comparative study. After comprehensive analysis of prediction accuracy and model complexity, the partial least squares regression model based on the 16 selected effective wavelengths for Set-4 was optimal, with the correlation coefficient for prediction, root-mean-square error of prediction, and residual predictive deviation of 0.9701, 0.2311, and 4.12, respectively. The results indicated that with these optimized processes, the multivariate calibration model of sugar content in ‘Snow’ pears was effectively optimized for each dataset. In addition, it is concluded that partial least squares regression was superior to support vector regression in this study, although some other researches had found different results in related fields.     

Extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray spectral lines in Rb XXIX

An extensive theoretical set of atomic data for Rb XXIX in a wide range with L-shell electron excitations to the M-shell has been reported. We have computed energy levels for the lowest 113 fine structure levels of Rb XXIX. The fully relativistic multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock method (MCDF) within the framework of Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian taking quantum electrodynamics (QED) and Breit corrections into account has been adopted for calculations. Radiative data are reported for electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), electric quadrupole (E2), and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions from the ground level, although calculations have been performed for a much larger number of levels. To assess the accuracy of results, we performed analogous calculations using flexible atomic code (FAC). Comparisons are made with existing available results and a good agreement has been achieved. Most of the wavelengths calculated lie in the soft x-ray (SXR) region. Lifetimes for all 113 levels have also been provided for the first time. Additionally, we have provided the spectra for allowed transitions from n=2 to n= 3 within the x-ray region and also compared our SXR photon wavelengths with experimentally recognized wavelengths. We hope that our results will be beneficial in fusion plasma research and astrophysical applications.     

High-frequency EPR applications of open nonradiative resonators

A new class of open single-mode cavities, the nonradiative (NR) resonators, has recently been proposed in order to overcome the limitations of standard cylindrical cavities and Fabry-Perot resonators at millimeter wavelengths. This paper presents the first applications of a NR resonator in W-band pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. It consists of a cylindrical cavity having a lateral aperture that represents about 35% of its total height. Electron-spin-echo measurements performed on different samples show that the signal-to-noise ratio and the optimal pulse length obtained with the proposed device are comparable to those obtained with the closed cavity used in the commercial W-band spectrometer, at both cryogenic and room temperature. Similar results have been obtained for paramagnetic species optically activated by means of an optical fiber inserted in the aperture of the resonator. The insertion losses estimated for the probe employed with the NR resonator are higher than those of the commercial probe, hence, demonstrating that the proposed cavity holds the promise of improved resonator performance.     

高光谱技术的羊肉品种多波段识别研究

利用可见/近红外(400～1 000 nm)及近红外(900～1 700 nm)高光谱成像技术对宁夏地区滩寒杂交、盐池滩羊、小尾寒羊三个品种羊肉进行识别研究。针对不同波段光谱特点,分别优选出Baseline及SG卷积平滑光谱预处理方法,并运用连续投影算法(SPA)提取特征波长,结合线性判别分析(LDA)及径向基核函数支持向量机(RBFSVM)模型进行全波段及特征波长识别分析。结果表明不同波段高光谱对羊肉品种识别均获得较好效果,其中400～1 000 nm波段采用Baseline-Fullwave-RBFSVM及12个特征波长下准确率为100%与98.75%,900～1 700 nm波段采用Baseline-Fullwave-RBFSVM及7个特征波长下准确率为96.25%与87.80%;RBFSVM非线性分类准确率高于LDA线性判别结果,400～1 000 nm波段识别准确率优于900～1 700 nm波段,说明三种羊肉在色泽纹理上差异比成分含量显著,利用高光谱成像技术结合RBFSVM方法能够获得较优的羊肉品种识别效果。     

银莱汤中主要成分的UPLC多波长宽动态测定及质量评价研究

采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)定量测定银莱汤中10种有效成分的含量并用于其质量评价.采用Wa-ters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm × 100 mm,1.8 μm),以0.1％甲酸水溶液-0.1％甲酸乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,3波长切换(0～10 min,320 nm;10～16 min,3...