Quantitative ultrasound brain imaging with multiscale deconvolutional waveform inversion

High-resolution images of human brain are critical for monitoring the neurological conditions in a portable and safe manner. Sound speed mapping of brain tissues provides unique information for such a purpose. In addition, it is particularly important for building digital human acoustic models, which form a reference for future ultrasound research. Conventional ultrasound modalities can hardly image the human brain at high spatial resolution inside the skull due to the strong impedance contrast between hard tissue and soft tissue. We carry out numerical experiments to demonstrate that the time-domain waveform inversion technique, originating from the geophysics community, is promising to deliver quantitative images of human brains within the skull at a sub-millimeter level by using ultra-sound signals. The successful implementation of such an approach to brain imaging requires the following items: signals of sub-megahertz frequencies transmitting across the inside of skull, an accurate numerical wave equation solver simulating the wave propagation, and well-designed inversion schemes to reconstruct the physical parameters of targeted model based on the optimization theory. Here we propose an innovative modality of multiscale deconvolutional waveform inversion that improves ultrasound imaging resolution, by evaluating the similarity between synthetic data and observed data through using limited length Wiener filter. We implement the proposed approach to iteratively update the parametric models of the human brain. The quantitative imaging method paves the way for building the accurate acoustic brain model to diagnose associated diseases, in a potentially more portable, more dynamic and safer way than magnetic resonance imaging and x-ray computed tomography.     

TEM喇叭短脉冲响应特性与张角的依赖关系

基于传输线理论分析给出了TEM喇叭在高斯脉冲激励下的响应方程,并采用数值计算方法,从响应波形的下降沿拖尾振荡相对基线的浮动量和负峰下冲量的角度研究了在高斯脉冲及其微分形式脉冲激励下,TEM喇叭的响应特性与其张角的依赖关系.基于以单锥TEM室为核心的时域测试系统,实验研究了TEM喇叭的短电磁脉冲响应特性随张角的变化关系,...     

雷达波形设计的一个数值方法

考虑了雷达成像中的一个波形设计问题.基于匹配滤波,在Sobolev空间的框架下,使用Hermite多项式理论,并通过一种数值算法,实现了波形的优化设计.数值实验表明,该方法是有效的.相比于CW(continuous wave)脉冲和线性调频脉冲方法,该方法可以得到更高的分辨率.     

基于贝叶斯一稀疏约束正则化方法的地震波形反演

将稀疏约束正则化方法应用于地震波形反演问题.为了减弱对稀疏约束项的光滑性要求,引入贝叶斯推断,产生一组收敛于后验分布的采样点.通过数值算例记录了采样点的条件期望、方差、置信区间等具有统计意义的结果.数值结果表明,在没有光滑性的要求下,稀疏约束正则化方法对孔洞模型和分层模型中的介质边缘有良好的识别能力.特别地,当减少观测数据时,稀疏约束正则化方法仍能获得较好的反演结果.     

热解析-高场非对称波形离子迁移谱(FAIMS)技术快速检测合成色素

采用热解析-高场非对称波形离子迁移谱(FAIMS)技术快速检测柯衣定、 孔雀石绿、 罗丹明B和甲基红4种合成色素. 通过对热解析温度和载气流量进行优化, 确定了不同色素的离子特征信号. 在最佳分析条件下, 热解析温度为160 ℃, 载气流量为1.6 L/min, 采用不同模式下补偿电压(CV)值定性, 以FAIMS在正模式下检测柯衣定(CV=0.41 V)和罗丹明B(CV=-0.89 V), 在负模式下检测甲基红(CV=-0.67 V)和孔雀石绿(CV=0.02 V); 用外标法定量检测了样品中的4种合成色素, 线性关系R²≥0.9967, 检出限为2.5~10 μg/L, 定量限为5~20 μg/L, 加标回收率≥78.2%, 相对标准偏差RSD≤8%. 本文为FAIMS技术快速检测合成色素提供了一定的技术基础.     

Separation of Ions from Volatile Organic Compounds Using High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometer

A combination of high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) with mass spectrometer (MS) was analyzed. FAIMS separates ions from the volatile organic compounds in the gas-phase as an ion-filter for MS. The sample ions were created at ambient pressure by ion source, which was equipped with a 10.6 eV UV discharge lamp (λ=116.5 nm).The drift tube of FAIMS is composed of two parallel planar electrodes and the dimension is 10 mm×8 mm×0.5 mm. FAIMS was investigated when driven by the high-filed rectangular asymmetric waveform with the peak-to-peak voltage of 1.36 kV at the frequency of 1 MHz and the duty cycle of 30%. The acetone, the butanone, and their mixture were adopted to characterize the FAIMS-MS. The mass spectra obtained from MS illustrate that there are ion-molecular reactions between the ions and the sample neutral molecular. And the proton transfer behavior in the mixture of the acetone and the butanone is also observed.With the compensation voltage tuned from -30 V to 10 V with a step size of 0.1 V, the ion pre-separation before MS is realized.     

基于单片FPGA的磁共振成像梯度计算模块

提出了一种用于磁共振成像的高集成度的数字梯度计算模块. 它可以实时计算任意层面成像所需的梯度波形,并能对X、Y、Z三个通道做波形预增强处理. 该模块基于单片FPGA器件,梯度波形数据预存于FPGA内嵌的RAM中,波形更新时间最小为1 μs. 在FPGA内部通过复用一种快速IIR滤波器算法,能在1 μs时间内实现包含6组不同时间常数和幅度的预增强运算. 实验证明该系统具有通用性好、体积小和成本低等特点,为磁共振谱仪的研制提供了一种紧凑、灵活的梯度波形发生方案.      

Discretized Multisplitting AOR Waveform Relaxation Algorithms for Initial Value Problem of Systems of ODEs

1.IntroductionInthedevelopmentofnewelectricalcircuits,thesimulationofthebehaviourofthecircuithasbecomeanessentialtoolforelectricalengineers.Fromthelayoutofthecircuitanonlinearsystemofordinarydifferentialequationsisgeneratedwhichdescribesthedynamicalbehaviourofthecircuit.Inthesimulationofverylargescaleintegrated(VLSI)circuitsthedimensionofthesystemofODEscanbecomeverylarge.Moreoversincethesystemisstiff,solvingthesesystemsisaverycomputionallyintensivetaskandtheuseofsupercomputersbecomesin-evit…     

γ脉冲射线束在大气中的输运计算方法

在γ脉冲射线束测量中,束流波形是由许多不同能量的γ粒子叠加而成的,在大气介质传输中,由于γ粒子与空气原子的相互作用,测点的γ能通量强度随时间变化的波形、同源点的γ强度波形相比,在较大测点距离的情况下就会产生畸变。讨论了γ射线在大气中输运的传输函数以及用褶积计算测点γ能通量强度波形的方法,给出了解析表达式,对典型的γ源脉冲波形输运不同距离,计算了大气输运对测量的影响。最后讨论了减小或避免波形畸变的方法。     

流体-孔隙介质圆柱界面波传播特性

研究流体-孔隙介质圆柱界面波传播特性,分析孔隙介质孔隙率等参数对频散曲线的影响。理论上建立了无限大流体包裹孔隙介质圆柱界面波的模型,利用孔隙介质弹性波动理论,通过数值模拟计算得到流体-孔隙介质圆柱的频散曲线及时域波形,并分析了孔隙介质为开孔和闭孔状态下孔隙介质圆柱半径、孔隙率及渗透率对频散曲线的影响。结果表明,时域上斯通利波可以被明显区分开,孔隙介质圆柱半径的变化改变了圆柱尺度,孔隙率的变化改变了孔隙介质的纵、横波波速,因此对于斯通利波频散曲线的影响较大。而渗透率的变化既不改变圆柱的尺度也不改变孔隙层的纵、横波速度,因此对斯通利波频散曲线影响较小。