Effect of instrumental particle sizing resolution on the modelling of aerosol radiative parameters

A more realistic estimation of the scattering and hemispheric backscattering coefficients, σ_sp and σ_bsp, and their respective optical cross section, C_sca and C_bk, of aerosol particles is presented on the basis of the exact resolution of the width of the size bins of the particle counter instruments when size distribution measurements are used, and, with the exact optical detector instruments ability. The scattering and hemispheric backscattering cross sections, C_sca and C_bk, of the particles are averaged over the full size bins of the particle counter instrument, while these quantities are usually estimated only on the value of the mean geometric diameter of each size bin. Six instruments, the APS, ASASP-X, DMPS, FSSP-100, ELPI, and SMPS frequently used in particle size distribution measurements are reviewed, for spherical sea-salt particles at a wavelength λ=0.55 μm. The comparison using the conventional geometric mean diameter versus the use of the full size bin leads to large amount of errors for the optical cross section with non-negligible effects on their respective optical coefficients. The maximal accuracy expected for these optical quantities depend on the particle diameter as well as on the channel width of the instruments, and are also function of the angular detector probe used to measure them.     

ICP-AES法测定西藏大骨节病区及非病区饮用水中的微量元素

运用ICP-AES法准确测定了西藏地区大骨节病区和非病区中沟水、河水、泉水和溪水等四种饮用水中Cu,Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg,Mn,Al,K,Ba,P,Sr,Cd,V,Cr,Ni,Pb和Co等多种微量元素的含量。该方法的相对标准偏差在0.80％～2.83％之间,标准物质的测定结果满意,方法简单可靠。文章通过对测定结果的分析,得出西藏不同地区、不同饮用水类型中微量元素的含量差异,为改善西藏大骨节病区居民的生活饮用水提供了科学理论依据。     

太阳米粒结构相关哈特曼-夏克波前传感模拟研究

基于互相关因子和绝对差分算法以及相关哈特曼－夏克波前传感器的基本原理，根据室内模拟太阳米料结构研究了低对比度扩展目标情况下应用相关哈特曼－夏克波前传感器探测波前误差的可行性，结果表明，相关哈特曼－夏克波前传感器能够有效探测光学波前误差。     

Limit theorems in financial market models

Invariance principle states that a scaled simple random walk converges to the standard Brownian motion.In this article, we present a discrete time stochastic process, which reflects a microstructure of market dynamics, and prove a convergence to a scaling limit process with a drift term and a jump term. These terms are derived from a macroscopic condition on volumes traded in some time intervals. The mathematical tools for obtaining our results are Dobrushin-Hryniv theory and the method of cluster expansion developed in mathematical studies of statistical mechanics.     

Effects of microstructure on the temperature dependence of relative initial permeability of NiCuZn ferrites

In the present work, ferrites with compositions of (Ni_0.27Zn_0.64Cu_x)Fe_1.98O₄ (x=0.1, 0.2) were prepared by conventional ceramic methods. The relationship between the microstructure and the temperature dependence of relative initial permeability was investigated. It was found that intergranular pores in the ferrites generate large demagnetizing fields, reducing the temperature dependence of the effective anisotropy field H_eff, and decreasing the temperature dependence of the relative initial permeability accordingly. However, intragranular pores pin the movement of domain walls. Compared with the permeability induced by domain wall motion, the permeability that resulted from the spin rotation is more sensitive to temperature. As a result, the relative initial permeability of ferrites becomes more sensitive to temperature with increasing micropores within grains.     

The transient suppression for piezoelectric ceramic emission transducer

A transient suppression method for piezoelectric ceramic transducer is presented. By adding some special pedestal pulses to the original transmitted signal, the transient effects in the output of the transducer can be just precisely transmission by use of a narrowband transducer. canceled, thereby achieving the broadband The experimental results show that the transient responses of the sinusoid pulses and coded signals are suppressed successfully and the acoustic waveforms radiated into the surrounding water are improved significantly.     

Character tables of n-dimensional hyperoctahedral groups and their applications*

We have shown that powerful matrix-type-based multinomial generators together with combinatorial techniques can be applied to derive the conjugacy classes, irreducible representations and the character tables of n-dimensional hyperoctahedral or hypercube groups of order n! × 2ⁿ, which are generalisations of non-rigid molecular theory formulated by Longuet-Higgins. The hyperoctahedral groups appear in the symmetry groups of non-rigid molecules, non-rigid water clusters, and other weakly bound van der Waals complexes that exhibit rapid tunnelling motion among various low-lying surmountable potential energy minima. These groups also have applications in quantum chromodynamics in the classification of states of quarks. The associated combinatorics has applications in enumerations, nuclear spin statistics and NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the groups enhance understanding of chirality in biosystems, that is, the functionality of intrinsically disordered proteins. We have derived the character tables of hyperoctahedral groups of sixth dimension, and techniques have been outlined to generalise for higher dimensions in the form of matrix generators.     

Mechanistic study of the reaction of methyl peroxy radical (CH3O2) with formaldehyde (CH2O)

ABSTRACT

A direct dynamic study on the reactions of CH₃O₂?+?CH₂O was carried out over the temperature range of 300–1500?K. All stationary points were calculated with the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory and identified for local minimum. The energetic parameters were refined at QCISD (T)/cc-pVTZ and CCSD (T)/cc-pVTZ levels of theory. Three channels were explored and a reaction of hydrogen abstraction from CH₂O by CH₃O₂ was identified as dominant channel which involves the formation of a prereactive complex in the entrance channel. The rate coefficient of the dominant channel was calculated with TST and TST/Eck and the Eckart tunnelling effect is only important over the lower temperature region. The calculated rate coefficient of the dominant channel has positive temperature dependence and agrees reasonably with the available literature data.     

Variational derivation of improved KP-type of equations

The Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation describes nonlinear dispersive waves which travel mainly in one direction, generalizing the Korteweg-de Vries equation for purely uni-directional waves. In this Letter we derive an improved KP-equation that has exact dispersion in the main propagation direction and that is accurate in second order of the wave height. Moreover, different from the KP-equation, this new equation is also valid for waves on deep water. These properties are inherited from the AB-equation (E. van Groesen, Andonowati, 2007 [1]) which is the unidirectional improvement of the KdV equation. The derivation of the equation uses the variational formulation of surface water waves, and inherits the basic Hamiltonian structure.     

景观湖水质的三维荧光指纹

荧光光谱法灵敏度高、选择性强、测量快速便捷,而三维荧光光谱更有信息丰富的优点。荧光光谱与水样具有一一对应的关系,就像水样指纹一样,被称为“水质荧光指纹”。 该文采用三维荧光光谱法研究了北京两个相邻景观湖四季的水质变化。两湖湖水均具有明显的类蛋白质和类腐殖酸的荧光,且类蛋白质的荧光强度较强。荧光强度与自然和人为活动的相关性表明,两湖湖水水质随季节变化明显,春夏季节水质相对较好,秋冬季节水质相对较差;以游船为主的娱乐湖的水质主要受藻类和植物生长等自然因素的影响,而种植等人为因素对植物观赏湖的水质的影响十分重要。由此可见,湖水水质的变化是由湖的功能决定的。在春秋人工清理藻类和植物的残余有利于保护湖体水质。