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961.
Yuzhen Zhao Lanying Zhang Zemin He Gang Chen Dong Wang Haiquan Zhang 《Liquid crystals》2013,40(8):1120-1123
A phototunable polymer-stabilised liquid crystal film reflecting both right- and left-circularly polarised light has been successfully fabricated by a washout/refill method. The film was obtained by prefabricating the polymer network with a left-handed helical structure and then refilling a light-driven chiral nematic liquid crystal with a right-handed helical structure into the network. Interestingly, the reflection wavelength and the reflectivity properties can be precisely tuned by UV-light irradiation. A hyper-reflective notch, the reflectivity of which approaches 100%, was achieved in a layer when the pitch lengths of the two opposite helical structures are almost the same. Moreover, their original state can be properly returned by visible-light irradiation. 相似文献
962.
Ticlopidine, an antiplatelet drug, undergoes extensive oxidative metabolism to form S‐oxide, N‐oxide, hydroxylated and dealkylated metabolites. However, metabolism of ticlopidine via conjugation has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, multiple data acquisition and processing tools were applied to the detection and characterization of ticlopidine conjugates in rat bile. Accurate full‐scan mass spectrometry (MS) and collision‐induced dissociation (CID) MS/MS data sets were recorded using isotope pattern‐dependent acquisition on an LTQ/Orbitrap system. In addition, mass spectral data from online H/D exchanging and high collision energy dissociation (HCD) were recorded. Data processes were carried out using extracted ion chromatography (EIC), mass defect filter (MDF) and isotope pattern filter (IPF). The total ion chromatogram displayed a few major conjugated metabolites and many endogenous components. Profiles from EIC and IPF processes exhibited multiple conjugates with no or minimal false positives. However, ticlopidine conjugates that were not predictable or lost a chorine atom were not found by EIC or IPF, respectively. MDF was able to detect almost all of ticlopidine conjugates although it led to a few more false positives. In addition to CID spectra, data from HCD, H/D exchanging experiments and isotope pattern simulation facilitated structural characterization of unknown conjugates. Consequently, 20 significant ticlopidine conjugates, including glucuronide, glutathione, cysteinylglycine, cysteine and N‐acetylcysteine conjugates, were identified in rat bile, a majority of which are associated with bioactivation and not previously reported. This study demonstrates the utility and limitation of various high‐resolution MS‐based data acquisition and processing techniques in detection and characterization of conjugated metabolites. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
963.
Yu‐Chien Ku Mei‐I Leong Wan‐Ting Wang Shang‐Da Huang 《Journal of separation science》2013,36(8):1470-1477
Sun protection is an important part of our lives. UV filters are widely used to absorb solar radiation in sunscreens. However, excess UV filters constitute persistent groups of organic micropollutants present in the environment. An environmentally friendly ionic‐liquid‐based up‐and‐down shaker‐assisted dispersive liquid?liquid microextraction device combined with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode‐array detection has been developed to preconcentrate three UV filters (benzophenone, 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzophenone, 2,2′‐dihydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzophenone) from field water samples. In this method, the optimal conditions for the proposed extraction method were: 40 μL [C8MIM][PF6] as extraction solvent and 200 μL methanol as disperser solvent were used to extract the UV filters. After up‐and‐down shaking for 3 min, the aqueous solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm speed, then using microtube to collect the settled extraction solvent and using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography for further analysis. Quantification results indicated that the linear range was 2–1000 ng/mL. The LOD of this method was in the range 0.2–1.3 ng/mL with r2 ≥ 0.9993. The relative recovery in studies of different types of field water samples was in the range 92–120%, and the RSD was 2.3–7.1%. The proposed method was also applied to the analysis of field samples. 相似文献
964.
Following the green analytical chemistry principles, an efficient strategy involving second-order data provided by liquid chromatography (LC) with diode array detection (DAD) was applied for the simultaneous determination of estriol, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol and estrone in natural water samples. After a simple pre-concentration step, LC–DAD matrix data were rapidly obtained (in less than 5 min) with a chromatographic system operating isocratically. Applying a second-order calibration algorithm based on multivariate curve resolution with alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS), successful resolution was achieved in the presence of sample constituents that strongly coelute with the analytes. The flexibility of this multivariate model allowed the quantification of the four estrogens in tap, mineral, underground and river water samples. Limits of detection in the range between 3 and 13 ng L−1, and relative prediction errors from 2 to 11% were achieved. 相似文献
965.
由于兼具光谱分辨和空间分辨能力, 快照式窄带多光谱成像在资源遥感、精准农业、医疗检测等领域将有广泛应用。由于该方法使用窄带成像来提高光谱分辨率及图像对比度,所获得的图像是灰度信息,失去了场景的色彩信息,不便专家对图像鉴别、评价与赏析。已有的色彩还原算法主要针对光谱波段带宽较宽或者多个波段叠加基本覆盖整个可见光谱范围等两种光谱成像仪,不适合窄带多光谱成像方法的色彩还原。该研究适合于快照式窄带多光谱成像的色彩还原方法,提出建立窄带多光谱彩色相机的概念。首先,提出两种窄带多光谱色彩还原方法:(1)基于CIE色度系统三刺激值色的,(2)基于贝尔阵列插值算法的;其次,分别应用两种算法还原快照式窄带多光谱相机所获得的植物、手臂及宫颈组织等三种代表性场景窄带多光谱灰度图像;之后,计算并比较表征两种算法所得的代表性场景彩色图像的均值、方差、熵及梯度等表征图像质量的参数数值,确定出适合快照式窄带多光谱成像的色彩还原方法;最后,对所确定的色彩还原算法进行色偏校正。实验结果表明,基于CIE三刺激值色彩还原方法比贝尔阵列插值法更适用于窄带多光谱成像颜色复原。配合使用CIE三刺激值色彩还原方法及灰度图象校正算法,从窄带光谱成像所获得的植物、手臂皮肤及宫颈组织的灰度图像所还原出的近彩色图像逼近物体真实色彩,满足人眼观察习惯。介绍了仅覆盖可见光光谱范围30%的窄带多光谱图像进行色彩还原的方法,该方法证明快照式窄带多光谱成像可以兼具光谱分辨能力,同时保持可供人主观辨识的色彩信息。所提出实现快照式窄带多光谱彩色成像的方法,有望设计不同于传统RGB相机的彩色相机实施方案。 相似文献
966.
Image processing, in particular image enhancement techniques have been the focal point of considerable research activity in the last decade. With the aid of an existing image enhancement technique, adaptive unsharp masking (AUM), we propose a novel kernel to be used in AUM filtering in order to enhance discontinuities which occur on the edges of targets of interest in infrared (IR) images. The proposed method uses an adaptive filter approach where an objective function is minimized by using descent algorithms. The output IR image has better sharpness and contrast adjustment for the detection of targets in terms of objective quality metrics. Hence, the proposed method ensures that the edges of the targets in IR images are sharper and that the quality of contrast adjustment has its optimum level in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratios. 相似文献
967.
968.
Somayeh Motamed Lida Torkzadeh Arsham Borumand Saeid Neda Mohtashamnia 《Mathematical Logic Quarterly》2011,57(2):166-179
In this paper, the notion of the radical of a filter in BL‐algebras is defined and several characterizations of the radical of a filter are given. Also we prove that A/F is an MV‐algebra if and only if Ds(A) ? F. After that we define the notion of semi maximal filter in BL‐algebras and we state and prove some theorems which determine the relationship between this notion and the other types of filters of a BL‐algebra. Moreover, we prove that A/F is a semi simple BL‐algebra if and only if F is a semi maximal filter of A. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 相似文献
969.
We present the design and analysis of a wideband and tunable optical Hilbert transformer (OHT) using a tunable waveguide-based finite-impulse response (FIR) filter structure by using the digital filter design method and the Remez algorithm. The tunable Nth-order waveguide-based FIR filter, which simply consists of N delay lines, N tunable couplers, N tunable phase shifters and a combiner, can be tuned, by thermally adjusting the tunable couplers and tunable phase shifters, to tune the bandwidth of an OHT using silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, the simulation results have an excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. The tunable OHT can function as a wideband and tunable 90° phase shifter and thus has many potential applications. The two unique features of wideband characteristic (up to ~ 2 THz) and tunable bandwidth (THz tuning range) of the proposed OHT cannot be obtained from the existing OHTs. 相似文献
970.
Mohammed Nazrul Islam K. Vijayan Asari Mohammad S. Alam 《Optics Communications》2011,284(6):1532-1539
This paper proposes a novel pattern recognition system for invariance to noise and distortions. The technique first generates a synthetic discriminant function of the target image from its different distorted versions. It then takes four different phase-shifted versions of the reference image, which are individually joint transform correlated with the given input scene. Thus the proposed algorithm produces a single cross-correlation signal corresponding to each potential target. Also a fringe-adjusted filter is designed to generate a delta-like correlation peak with high discrimination between the signal and the noise. The pattern recognition system is also designed for the identification of multiple targets belonging to multiple reference objects simultaneously in a given input scene. The proposed technique is investigated using computer simulation including real-life images in different complex environments. 相似文献