Secondary membranes for flux optimization in membrane filtration of biologic suspensions

We employ in situ deposited secondary membranes of yeast (SMYs) to optimize permeate flux during microfiltration and ultrafiltration of protein solutions. The deposited secondary membrane was periodically removed by backflushing, and a new cake layer was deposited at the start of the next cycle. The effects of backflushing time, backflushing strength, wall shear rate, and amount of secondary membrane deposited on the permeate flux were examined. Secondary membranes were found to increase the permeate fluxin microfiltration by severalfold. Protein transmission was also enhanced owing to the presence of the secondary membrane, and the amount of protein recovered was more than twice that obtained during filtration of protein-only solutions under othewise identical conditions. In ultrafiltration, the flux enhancement owing to the secondary membrane was only 50% or less. In addition, the flux for ultrafiltration was relatively insensitive to changes in the concentration of yeast used during deposition of SMY and to the backflushing strength used to periodically remove the secondary membrane.     

全视网膜激光光凝术联合玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普对增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者视功能恢复的影响

本文分析了全视网膜激光光凝术(PRP)联合玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普对增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)患者视功能恢复的影响。选取大足区人民医院2016年8月~2018年8月收治的PDR患者86例(86眼),按照治疗方法分为手术组和联合组,各43例。手术组采用Carl Zeiss Meditec AG激光治疗仪在眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)引导下行PRP治疗,联合组则术前72 h于玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普0.1 mL,再行PRP治疗。采用ETDRS视力表测量两组患者术前和术后4个月的视力,非接触式眼压计测量眼压,光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CMT),FFA检查眼底视网膜无灌注区和新生血管消退情况,统计两组患者术后并发症发生情况。术后4个月,两组视力、CMT较术前均有变化,且联合组视力较手术组明显提高,CMT较手术组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组视网膜无灌注区和新生血管消退率均明显高于手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组术后视网膜脱离、眼高压及视网膜出血等并发症发生率为4.65%,明显低于手术组的23.26%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究结果显示,PRP联合玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普治疗PDR,可明显提高患者视力,降低CMT,促进已形成的无灌注区或新生血管消退,延缓视网膜新生血管增殖,改善视功能,且安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

Polymer dispersed liquid crystal device with integrated luminescent solar concentrator

Polymer dispersed Liquid crystal (PDLC) windows are regarded as a good choice for curtain-free windows. However, conventional PDLC needs external electricity to operate, which causes extra energy consumption. These devices cannot be combined with traditional solar cells for energy savings. In this study, a new design of luminescent solar concentrator (LSC)-based PDLC device is presented. In particular, we successfully demonstrate that the PDLC can be integrated with LSC as its back scatter and potentially contributes towards the enhancement of power output by minimising backside light losses. Multi-luminophore LSC is employed to increase the absorption of air mass 1.5 solar irradiance. The edge emission measurements show multiple-luminophore-based PDLC-LSC gives the maximum edge emission power which is 1.7 times more than that of single luminophore-based PDLC-LSC device. Photocurrent measurements are also performed as an additional evidence for the improved performance of PDLC-LSC device. Finally, the visual properties of PDLC-LSC devices are evaluated to realise the compatibility of using such devices in the built environment.     

化学教师知识研究的热点与趋势——基于CiteSpace可视化分析

利用CiteSpace软件,对国内近20年有关化学教师知识的研究进行信息可视化分析.基于关键词信息,结合二次文本阅读,从内容知识和默会知识视角对化学教师知识研究的热点进行论述.     

考虑视轴方向的个性化眼模型的构建

包含更多人眼解剖学特性的个性化眼模型具有重要的实验和临床意义。由角膜地形图计算了8只人眼视轴与光轴之间的夹角,水平分量平均值为4.23°±1.51°,竖直分量平均值为-0.40°±1.27°。根据视轴与光轴之间的夹角、角膜地形数据、眼内各部分轴向间距和人眼波像差,运用光学设计软件Zemax分别为这8只人眼构建了考虑视轴方向的个性化眼模型。在此基础上,计算了波前引导的个性化角膜切削深度,并与光程差方法计算的切削深度进行了比较。在切削光区中心处,两者相差不大,平均值为(0.09±0.04)μm;随着半径增大,两者之间的差值逐渐增大。对于所研究的实例,光区外围处的最大差值为0.59μm。个性化眼模型为设计波前引导的个性化角膜切削方案提供了一个有效工具。     

双线法测量横向阻抗中双线间距及线径的影响

根据双线法测量横向阻抗的原理,从理论和模拟计算两方面对双线间距、线径因素造成的系统误差进行讨论。给出谐振腔近似下双线法测量横向阻抗的等效电路,通过此等效电路对双线间距、线径因素造成的系统误差进行讨论。通过模拟计算的方法分析了双线法测量类腔体TM110模式横向阻抗时,不同双线间距、不同线径带来的系统误差,模拟计算的结果与等效电路结果分析得到的定性结果一致。模拟计算分析表明,对于管道半径为50 mm的类腔体结构,线径小于6 mm及双线距离小于50 mm时,双线间距及线径引入的横向阻抗系统误差小于8%。     

比率型碳点荧光传感器检测机理与应用研究进展

比率型荧光传感器由于具有抗干扰能力强和灵敏度高等优点,在食品安全、金属离子检测、环境污染分析等许多领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。而碳点作为一种新型荧光材料,不仅具有优良的荧光性能,而且毒性低、易于表面功能化,非常适合构建比率型荧光传感器。本文就近年来比率型碳点荧光传感器在检测领域的研究进展进行综述,重点阐述了碳点的荧光检测机理,并根据碳点使用情况的不同,对不同类型的比率型碳点荧光传感器进行了分类总结。最后提出了该领域亟待解决的困难和问题,并对其在分析物检测方面的发展方向进行了展望。     

Small object detection in forward-looking infrared images with sea clutter using context-driven Bayesian saliency model

There are two common challenges for small object detection in forward-looking infrared (FLIR) images with sea clutter, namely, detection ambiguity and scale variance. This paper presents a context-driven Bayesian saliency model to deal with these two issues. By inspecting the camera geometry of the FLIR imaging under the background of sea and sky, we observed that there exists dependency relationship between the locations and scales at which objects may occur, and the context which is defined to be the location of horizon line. Based on this observation, we propose to incorporate contextual information into the basic bottom-up saliency computation, and a unified Bayesian model is developed to achieve this goal. The proposed model is generic and can be potentially applied to other circumstances where context is available for facilitating object detection. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our method.     

基于图像内容视觉感知的图像质量客观评价方法

图像质量客观评价在图像和视频传输、编解码以及服务质量中起着非常重要的作用.然而现有的方法往往没有考虑图像内容特征及其视觉感知,使得其质量客观评价与主观感知结果存在一定的差距.基于此,本文结合图像内容的复杂性特征和人眼的掩蔽特性、对比敏感度特性以及亮度感知的非线性特性,提出了一种基于人眼对图像内容感知的图像质量客观评价方法.该方法首先结合亮度感知的非线性模型将图像进行转换,得到人眼感知强度图;再分别以人眼对比敏感度值和图像局部平均对比度值作为权重因子对强度求和,以求和的数据信息作为人眼感知图像的内容,并构建图像感知模型;最后以此模型分别模拟人眼感知参考图像和失真图像,并计算二者的强度差,以强度差为评价分数的基础构建图像质量客观评价模型.采用LIVE,TID2008和CSIQ三个数据库中的共47幅参考图像和1549幅测试图像进行仿真实验,且与SSIM,VSNR,FSIM和PSNRHVS等典型的图像质量客观评价模型进行对比分析,同时探讨影响图像质量评价的因素.结果表明:所提方法的评价分数与主观评价分数的Pearson线性相关性系数和Spearman秩相关系数值比SSIM的评价结果均有一定程度的提高,提高幅度分别平均为9.5402%和3.2852%,比PSNRHVS和VSNR提高幅度更大.综合以上表明:所提方法是一种有效可行的图像质量客观评价方法;同时,在图像质量客观评价中,考虑人眼对图像内容的感知和复杂度的分析有助于提高图像质量主客观评价的一致性,评价精度可得到进一步的提高.     

基于结构相似度的图像融合质量评价

在分析现有图像融合质量评价方法特点的基础上,提出了新型的、基于结构相似度的图像融合质量评价方法.针对不同情况,分别采用平均结构相似度、加权平均结构相似度、结构信息与交互信息量之乘积作为图像融合质量客观评价标准.该方法充分考虑了图像的结构信息和人类视觉系统的特性,可以为不同场合下选择不同的算法提供依据.对不同融合算法的质量评价结果表明,该方法是一种有效的图像融合质量评价方法.