Effect of bias in ferroelectric-antiferroelectric relaxation

The ferroelectric-antiferroelectric transition in greyscale generation of antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays (AFLC) is a heterogeneous process. The process has been described as the growth of finger-like domains [1]. We have previously studied the ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase transition, relaxation that follows the data pulse in surface stabilized asymmetric antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays using biasless video frequency waveforms [2]. This relaxation involves an intensity decay of the light transmitted by a pixel and depends on several parameters such as surface stabilization, rotational viscosity of the AFLC, magnitude of the data pulse, and bias voltage. The usual multiplexed driving of AFLC displays leads to long-term stabilisation of the grey levels induced by the data pulses within the selection time. However, depending on the bias level, alternative greyscale mechanisms may be obtained by allowing the grey levels to decay during the frametime. These greyscales may be advantageous in some instances since they improve the dynamic response of the AFLC device and reduce the reset time of the waveform. In this study we extend the previous work to include the effect of bias. We present the measured data, in terms of growth pattern and speed and present an extension of the previously model on order to explain the results.     

Urinary exposure marker discovery for toxicants using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry and three untargeted metabolomics approaches

Human biomonitoring is the assessment of actual internal contamination of chemicals by measuring exposure markers, chemicals or their metabolites, in human urine, blood, serum, and other body fluids. However, the metabolism of chemicals within an organism is extremely complex. Therefore, the identification of metabolites is often difficult and laborious. Several untargeted metabolomics methods have been developed to perform objective searching/filtering of accurate-mass-based LC-MS data to facilitate metabolite identification. In this study, three metabolomics data processing approaches were used for chemical exposure marker discovery in urine with an LTQ-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) dataset; di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) was used as an example. The data processing techniques included the SMAIT, mass defect filtering (MDF), and XCMS Online. Sixteen, 83, and 139 probable DINP metabolite signals were obtained using the SMAIT, MDF, and XCMS procedures, respectively. Fourteen probable metabolite signals mined simultaneously by the three metabolomics approaches were confirmed as DINP metabolites by structural information provided by LC-MS/MS. Among them, 13 probable metabolite signals were validated as exposure-related markers in a rat model. Six (m/z 319.155, 361.127, 373.126, 389.157, 437.112 and 443.130) of the 13 exposure-related DINP metabolite signals have not previously been reported in the literature. Our data indicate that SMAIT provided an efficient method to discover effectively and systematically urinary exposure markers of toxicant. The DINP metabolism information can provide valuable information for further investigations of DINP toxicity, toxicokinetics, exposure assessment, and human health effects.     

微视频技术在基础化学实验教学中的实践应用

以高校基础化学实验"从海带中提取碘""三草酸合铁（Ⅲ）酸钾的制备"为例，分别探讨了微视频技术在化学基本操作实验和综合设计型实验中的具体应用；此外，举例说明利用Flash软件制作的虚拟微视频可以在仪器分析实验中清晰地再现仪器真实操作中的每一个步骤，弥补了学生在实验前无法实际操作仪器的不足。实践证明，微视频技术的应用，丰富了基础化学实验教学模式，增强了学生自主学习的能力和动手能力，提高了实验成功率和实验教学效果。     

Identifiability of kinetic models of isotope transient tracing in fixed bed plug flow reactors

A novel method is presented to address the identifiability of a class of kinetic models of monoatomic isotope transient tracing in plug flow reactors. It is shown that the identifiability of these models can be addressed solely from a knowledge of the rate functions. Dedicated to Professor Pál Tétényi on the occasion of his 70th birthday     

Revealing the Cell Entry Dynamic Mechanism of Single Rabies Virus Particle

The rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal diseases in humans and animals. Although studying the interactions between a single rabies virus and the cell membrane is necessary for understanding the pathogenesis, the internalization dynamic mechanism of single rabies virus in living cells remains largely elusive. Here, we utilized a novel force tracing technique based on atomic force microscopy(AFM) to record the process of single viral entry into host cell. We revealed that the force of the rabies virus internalization distributed at (65±25) pN, and the time was identified by two peaks with spacings of (237.2±59.1) and (790.3±134.4) ms with the corresponding speed of 0.12 and 0.04 μm/s, respectively. Our results provide insight into the effects of viral shape during the endocytosis process. This report will be meaningful for understanding the dynamic mechanism of rabies virus early infection.     

化学教育硕士研究生的科学本质观研究*——基于对科普微视频的分析

以构建的科学本质要素框架作为分析工具,研究学生经科普微视频分析所呈现的科学本质观。结果表明,学生无法全面、深入分析视频呈现的科学本质,反映了局限的科学本质观,而经过讨论与汇报能在一定程度上提升其科学本质观。据此,为化学教育硕士研究生的培养工作提出3点建议,即将科普微视频作为科学本质教育的素材,促进学生形成完整且深刻的科学本质观,发展学生准确抽提课程资源中的科学本质的能力。     

基于手机录像实现莱顿弗罗斯特现象的观察*

莱顿弗罗斯特现象在化工领域具有重要的研究价值。为将该现象的实验引入到本科实验教学中,设计制作了基于手机录像功能的莱顿弗罗斯特现象观察装置,可研究表面温度、液滴种类、表面活性剂等因素对莱顿弗罗斯特现象的影响。该装置制作简便,成本低廉,使用方便,效果明显,有利于提高学生的学习积极性,加深学生对泡核沸腾和膜状沸腾等沸腾传热不同状态的理解。     

Bacteria and cancer cell pearl chain under dielectrophoresis

In this work, we aim to observe and study the physics of bacteria and cancer cells pearl chain formation under dielectrophoresis (DEP). Experimentally, we visualized the formation of Bacillus subtilis bacterial pearl chain and human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) chain under positive and negative dielectrophoretic force, respectively. Through a simple simulation with creeping flow, AC/DC electric fields, and particle tracing modules in COMSOL, we examined the mechanism by which bacteria self-organize into a pearl chain across the gap between two electrodes via DEP. Our simulation results reveal that the region of greatest positive DEP force shifts from the electrode edge to the leading edge of the pearl chain, thus guiding the trajectories of free-flowing particles toward the leading edge via positive DEP. Our findings additionally highlight the mechanism why the free-flowing particles are more likely to join the existing pearl chain rather than starting a new pearl chain. This phenomenon is primarily due to the increase in magnitude of electric field gradient, and hence DEP force exerted, with the shortening gap between the pearl chain leading edge and the adjacent electrode. The findings shed light on the observed behavior of preferential pearl chain formation across electrode gaps.     

微蜂窝环境中无线接收信号的特性分析

以微蜂窝系统为背景,研究了以测试射线法和虚拟源射线跟踪法为代表的射线跟踪技术,并用这两种方法对射线跟踪进行建模,分析比较两种模型的优缺点.利用这两种模型对实际情况进行计算,精确地找出所有给定情况的传播路径并可视化;对多波干涉的振幅进行了统计学分析,对宽带多波干涉现象进行了数学建模,并分析了合成波的包络统计特性.