Hybrid passive/active absorbers for flow ducts

A new type of acoustic liner developed for broadband noise reduction in flow ducts is considered in this paper. It combines passive absorbent properties of a porous layer and active control at its rear face. The complete design procedure of this hybrid passive/active liner is developed here. The passive part is first considered with the determination of a suitable porous material and the cut-off frequency separating the active low frequency regime from the passive high frequency one. The control system is then presented: a digital adaptive feedback control is performed independently cell by cell, allowing an easy subsequent increase of the liner surface. The entire optimization process has been successfully applied to a laboratory flow duct: both predictions and measurements show the interest of the hybrid liner to reduce the noise radiation.     

结构动力学方程数值积分的三参数算法

本文提出计算结构动力响应的三参数单步数值积分法,它具有无条件稳定性质,并具有合适的算法阻尼.通过分析及与其他数值积分法比较,说明本文算法的精度有所提高.     

Average consensus of multi-agent systems with communication time delays and noisy links

In this paper,we consider the average-consensus problem with communication time delays and noisy links.We analyze two different cases of coupling topologies:fixed and switching topologies.By utilizing the stability theory of the stochastic differential equations,we analytically show that the average consensus could be achieved almost surely with the perturbation of noise and the communication time delays even if the time delay is time-varying.The theoretical results show that multi-agent systems can tolerate relatively large time delays if the noise is weak,and they can tolerate relatively strong noise if the time delays are low.The simulation results show that systems with strong noise intensities yield slow convergence.     

乘客对北京公交车内噪声感知的社会调查

本文通过社会声学调查的方法研究了乘客对公交车内噪声的感知情况。问卷内容主要包括乘客的人口统计学信息以及乘客对噪声的识别、反映、感受的若干问题。通过对问卷的描述性统计和卡方检验得出:车辆发动机以及乘客打电话、聊天的噪声是车内噪声的主要来源,也是乘客显著反感的噪声。车内噪声已经影响到了乘客的正常交流,也成为影响乘客因长时间乘坐引起心烦和疲劳的原因。鉴于以上影响乘客在有对座位的选择权时往往可能会偏向噪声影响小的位置。综合分析得出乘客对公交车内噪声感知偏向于比较吵闹、影响不大和有点厌恶。此外,对乘客的人口统计学差异做了进一步分析得出:吵闹程度、烦恼程度在性别、学历、年龄上不存在显著性差异;在影响程度上性别有显著性差异,学历、年龄无显著性差异。公交车内噪声已经成为影响乘车环境的重要因素之一,对公交车内噪声需要提高重视和加以控制。     

基于峰值信噪比和小波方向特性的图像奇异值去噪技术

提出一种利用小波变换子图像不同的方向特性和峰值信噪比进行奇异值分解的图像去噪算法。由于图像经过小波变换后,低频子图像集中了原图像的大部分能量噪声,故仅作简单维纳滤波;而噪声则主要集中在小波域中的三个不同方向的高频子图中,且系数较小,因此可以利用奇异值分解进行去噪处理,即用较大的奇异值和对应的特征向量重构出去噪图像,然而由于奇异值分解固有的行列方向性,对于高频对角线子图重构出的图像去噪效果不理想,故采取旋转至行列方向后再进行常用的奇异值滤波;最后将去噪后的低频和高频子图进行小波反变换重构出最终的去噪图像,其中重构所需的奇异值个数由图像的峰值信噪比确定。 实验结果表明,该方法在有效去噪的同时较好的保留了原有的高频细节信息。     

基于小波变换的磁共振图像去噪

去噪是图像处理中的一个非常重要的问题. 传统去噪方法在降低噪声的同时会模糊图像的细节,基于小波变换的图像去噪方法能在降低图像噪声的同时较好地保持图像的细节,目前基于小波变换对图像进行去噪已经成为最有前途的去噪方法之一. 本文综合小波域去噪的文献,对小波域的磁共振图像去噪方法进行了综述,详细介绍了各种小波域的磁共振图像去噪方法,并对他们的性能进行了总结,对小波域去噪方法的发展趋势进行了展望.     

An ASE Reduction Filter Using Cascaded Optical Fiber Grating Couplers in EDFA Repeater

A new configuration for an ASE reduction filter in EDFA repeaters for WDM optical transmission systems using optical fiber grating couplers (FGCs) was proposed and first demonstrated. The filtering characteristics of the proposed filter for amplified single wavelength signal and 2-channel WDM signals using EDFA were identified. It was found that the filter was effective to improve SNR in optical domain by reducing ASE noise. The required FGC characteristics for the filter were theoretically predicted under the condition that the total filter loss did not exceed 3 dB. More than 70% of drop efficiency was required in each FGC for the application of the proposed filter to an 8-channel WDM system using EDFA repeaters.     

Random walks with imperfect trapping in the decoupled-ring approximation

We investigate random walks on a lattice with imperfect traps. In one dimension, we perturbatively compute the survival probability by reducing the problem to a particle diffusing on a closed ring containing just one single trap. Numerical simulations reveal this solution, which is exact in the limit of perfect traps, to be remarkably robust with respect to a significant lowering of the trapping probability. We demonstrate that for randomly distributed traps, the long-time asymptotics of our result recovers the known stretched exponential decay. We also study an anisotropic three-dimensional version of our model. We discuss possible applications of some of our findings to the decay of excitons in semiconducting organic polymer materials, and emphasize the crucial influence of the spatial trap distribution on the kinetics. Received 23 July 2001 / Received in final form 14 May 2002 Published online 13 August 2002     

Model-dependent nature of blowtorch effect on the escape and equilibration rates

We analyze the relaxation behavior of a bistable system when the background temperature profile is inhomogeneous due to the presence of a localized hot region (blowtorch) on one side of the potential barrier. Since the diffusion equation for inhomogeneous medium is model-dependent, we consider two physical models to study the kinetics of such system. Using a conventional stochastic method, we obtain the escape and equilibration rates of the system for the two physical models. For both models, we find that the hot region enhances the escape rate from the well where it is placed while it retards the escape rate from the other well. However, the value of the escape rate from the well where the hot region is placed differs for the two models while that of the escape rate from the other well is identical for both. This work, for the first time, gives a detailed report of the similarities and differences of the escape rates and, hence, exposes the common and distinct features of the two known physical models in determining the way the bistable system relaxes. Received 25 September 2001