Rheology of semiconcentrated fibre suspension in the Oldroyd-B fluid

The constitutive equation for a semiconcentrated fibre suspension in the Oldroyd-B fluid has been derived from a statistical model of such a suspension by employing the molecular theory for polymeric liquids. To circumvent theoretical difficulties in viscoelastic fluid mechanics, several simplified models are used to account for the interactions of fibres and polymer molecules. Some of material functions are calculated in terms of the constitutive equation. The project Supported by the University of Melbourne of Australia, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Zhejiang Province     

碰撞角对爆炸复合材料界面状态的影响

复合材料界面状态是衡量复合质量优劣的主要评定因素之一,焊接参数和界面状态之间存在着紧密的联系。为了获得理想的复合质量,必须正确选择爆炸焊接参数。本文在实验的基础上,通过理论研究和数值计算,探讨了爆炸复合的力学模型及物理机制,验证了碰撞角对再入射流的质量(或再入射流的厚度)和爆炸复合材料界面状态存在的影响,得出了波形的变化趋势与碰撞角的变化趋势相一致的结论,同时确立了波形参数和碰撞角的半定量表达式,拓展和深化了爆炸复合的研究领域,丰富和发展了爆炸复合的成波机理,从而能够更好地指导工程应用,减少工程损耗,提高复合质量和工作效率。     

松弛与蠕变力学特性转换关系的研究

本文首先论述了拉伸应力松弛模量Ｅ（ｔ）与拉伸蠕变柔量Ｄ（ｔ）之间的近似与精确转换关系式，提出一种诊断Ｄ（ｔ）的数值积分算法，通过应力松弛模量实验给出一种固体推进剂Ｅ（ｔ）和Ｄ（ｔ）的实测与转换计算结果，计算结果有较小的误差具有重要的实用价值。     

Effect of the Intermolecular Potential on the Generalized Newton-Fourier Relations in the Problem of Gas Outflow into a Vacuum

Using the numerical method of direct statistical simulation (Monte-Carlo method), the effect of the intermolecular potential exponent on the dependence of the stress and the heat flux on the stress rate tensor components and the temperature gradient is analyzed for the nonequilibrium, spherically symmetric outflow of a monatomic gas into a vacuum. Analytical approximations of the constitutive relations are presented. The dependence of the macroscopic parameters on the distance from the source is found.     

On the crack-tip stress singularity of interfacial cracks in transversely isotropic piezoelectric bimaterials

In this paper, characteristics of the interface crack-tip stress and electric displacement fields in transversely isotropic piezoelectric bimaterials are studied. The authors have proven, within the framework of the generalized Stroh formalism for piezoelectric bimaterials, that there is no coexistence of the parameters (oscillating) and κ (non-oscillating) in the interface crack-tip generalized stress field for all transversely isotropic piezoelectric bimaterials. This leads to the classification of piezoelectric bimaterials into one group that exhibits the oscillating property in the interface crack-tip generalized stress field and the other that does not. Fifteen (15) pair-combinations of six (6) piezoelectric materials PZT-4, PZT-5H, PZT-6B, PZT-7A, P-7, and BaTiO₃, which are commonly used in practice, are numerically analyzed in this study, and the results backup the above theoretical conclusions. Moreover, the associated eigenvectors for such material systems (with either =0 or κ=0) are also obtained numerically, and the result show that there still exist four linear independent associate eigenvectors for each bimaterial.     

Non-linear constitutive relations for magnetostrictive materials

In this paper, non-linear deformation behavior of magnetostrictive materials is studied and three magnetoelastic coupling constitutive models are developed. The standard square (SS) constitutive model is developed by means of truncating the polynomial expansion of the Gibbs free energy. The hyperbolic tangent (HT) constitutive equations, which involve a hyperbolic tangent magnetic-field dependence, are proposed to model the magnetic-field-induced strain saturation of magnetostrictive materials in the region of intense magnetic fields. A new model based on density of domain switching (DDS) is established in terms of the basic truth that magnetic domain switching underlies magnetostrictive deformation. In this model, it is assumed that the relation between density of domain switching, defined by the quantity of magnetic domains switched by per unit magnetic field and magnetic field can be described by a density function with normal distribution. The moduli in these constitutive models can be determined by a material function that is proposed to describe the dependence of the peak piezomagnetic coefficient on the compressive pre-stress for one-dimensional cases based on the experimental results published. The accuracy of the non-linear constitutive relations is evaluated by comparing the theoretical values with experimental results of a Terfenol-D rod operated under both compressive pre-stress and bias magnetic field. Results indicate that the SS constitutive equations can accurately predict the experimental results under a low or moderate magnetic field while the HT model can, to some extent, reflect the trend of saturation of magnetostrictive strain under a high magnetic field. The model based on DDS, which is more effective in simulating the experimental curves, can capture the main characteristics of the mechanism of magnetoelastic coupling deformation of a Terfenol-D rod, such as the notable dependence of magnetoelastic response on external stress and the saturation of magnetostrictive strain under intense magnetic fields. In addition, the SS constitutive relation for a general three-dimensional problem is discussed and an approach to characterize the modulus tensors is proposed.     

含初缺陷复合材料圆柱曲板的动力屈曲分析

基于修正的一阶剪切变形理论，利用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理导出包含横向剪切变形和转动惯量的复合材料长圆柱曲板的非线性动力方程，通过将位移和载荷展开为Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ级数，把非线性偏微分方程组转化为二阶常微分方程组，并可由四阶Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔｔａ方法数值求解，通过算例，讨论了有关因素对迭层复合材料圆柱曲板动力屈曲的影响。     

等离子喷涂碳化铬－镍铬涂层的摩擦学特性

在发展新型高效节能的汽车和飞机发动机用耐磨材料中，碳化铬－镍铬涂层是很有开发前景的材料之一．为了扩大这种涂层的应用领域并为其应用提供科学依据，用ＭＭ－２００磨损试验机，研究了等离子喷涂碳化铬－镍铬（质量比为３∶１）涂层分别与不锈钢、热压烧结Ｓｉ３Ｎ４和石墨组成摩擦副的摩擦学特性；用扫描电子显微镜、Ｘ射线能量色散谱仪和Ｘ射线衍射技术，考察了磨痕和磨屑的形貌、元素分布和物相组成；讨论了涂层分别与给定的３种材料配副时的磨损机理．结果表明：涂层与不同材料对摩时的磨损量差别很大，磨损机理也明显不同——涂层与不锈钢对摩时的磨损表现为层状颗粒的断裂与剥离；涂层与Ｓｉ３Ｎ４对摩时的磨损主要表现为涂层颗粒的断裂和断裂颗粒的脱碳氧化；石墨对涂层具有润滑作用     

A stochastic-structurally based three dimensional finite-strain damage model for fibrous soft tissue

A fully three dimensional finite-strain damage model for fibrous soft tissue is developed. The model assumes uncoupled contributions for the matrix and collagen fibers, and uncoupled bulk and deviatoric response over any range of deformations. A simple isotropic damage mechanism within the framework of continuum damage mechanics has been used to describe the softening behavior under deformation for the matrix. On the other hand, statistical aspects related to the length distribution of the reinforcing fibers lead to a damage model for the reinforcing material. As a result, a general theoretical framework for constitutive modeling of biological soft tissue with continuum damage is obtained. A theoretical example consisting of a biaxial test of a soft tissue reinforced with two families of collagen fibers has been considered to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed model and to study the sensitivity to changes in the statistical parameters associated with the reinforcing material. Also, a preliminary numerical example is included to demonstrate the model on a inhomogeneous boundary value problem. Results show that the model is able to capture the typical stress-strain behavior observed in fibrous soft tissue and seems to confirm the soundness of the proposed formulation.