Adhesive contact problem for viscoplastic materials

We examine a mathematical model that describes a quasistatic adhesive contact between a viscoplastic body and deformable foundation. The material’s behaviour is described by the rate-type constitutive law which involves functions with a non-polynomial growth. The contact is modelled by the normal compliance condition with limited penetration and adhesion, a subdifferential friction condition also depending on adhesion, and the evolution of bonding field is governed by an ordinary differential equation. We present the variational formulation of this problem which is a system of an almost history-dependent variational–hemivariational inequality for the displacement field and an ordinary differential equation for the bonding field. The results on existence and uniqueness of solution to an abstract almost history-dependent inclusion and variational–hemivariational inequality in the reflexive Orlicz–Sobolev space are proved and applied to the adhesive contact problem.     

基于区间二型梯形模糊集的应急物资储备动态协同决策模型

重大灾害下应急物资储备决策是阻止突发灾难蔓延的有效手段之一。针对救灾信息具备不确定性与复杂性特点,构建基于区间二型梯形模糊集的应急物资储备动态协同决策模型,并给出应急物资储备策略。利用区间二型模糊集理论的决策方案并结合比例分析法(COPRAS),构建常态环境下应急物资供应商选择的群决策模型,解决不相容群决策属性之间的冲突问题;进而,充分考虑“救灾阶段性动态时间因素”对储备决策的影响,构建动态救灾环境下应急物资储备结构模糊优化模型,实现常态决策与非常态应急决策之间的动态协同;最后,以2012年云南丽江“6.14”突发特大山洪灾害为实例进行数值分析,验证该动态协同决策模型的合理性与可行性,能有效解决动态救灾环境下应急物资储备结构优化问题。     

Limit analysis and numerical modeling of spherically porous solids with Coulomb and Drucker-Prager matrices

The first goal of this work was to develop efficient limit analysis (la) tools to investigate the macroscopic criterion of a porous material on the basis of the hollow sphere model used by Gurson, here with a Coulomb matrix. Another goal was to give the resulting rigorous lower and upper bounds to the macroscopic criterion to enable comparisons and validations with further analytical or numerical studies on this micro-macro problem. In both static and kinematic approaches of la, a quadratic formulation was used to represent the stress and displacement velocity fields, in triangular finite elements. A significant improvement of the quality of the results was obtained by superimposing, on the fem fields, analytical fields which are the solutions to the problem under isotropic loadings.The final problems result in conic optimization, or linear programming after linearization of the criterion, so as to determine the “Porous Coulomb” criterion. A fine iterative post-analysis strictly restores the admissibility of the static and kinematic solutions. After presenting the results for various values of the porosity and internal friction angle, a comparison with a heuristic Cam-Clay-like criterion shows that this criterion cannot be considered a precise general approximation. Then a comparison with the “Porous Drucker-Prager” criterion treated by specific 3D codes is presented. With the same numerical tools, a final analysis of recent results in the literature is detailed, and tables of selected numerical data are presented in the appendices.     

石英光纤探针在非金属材料冲击实验中的应用

使用石英光纤探针成功测量了Teflon样品中的冲击波速度和电炮加载的厚度为75 m的Mylar膜飞片的平均速度和到达时间一致性。实验证明,石英光纤探针技术为非金属材料的冲击实验提供了一种直接的、不受电磁干扰的、精确的测量手段。     

Analytical solution for electromagnetothermoelastic behaviors of a functionally graded piezoelectric hollow cylinder

Analytical study for electromagnetothermoelastic behaviors of a hollow cylinder composed of functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM), placed in a uniform magnetic field, subjected to electric, thermal and mechanical loads are presented. For the case that the electric, magnetic, thermal and mechanical properties of the material obey an identical power law in the radial direction, exact solutions for electric displacement, stresses, electric potential and perturbation of magnetic field vector in the FGPM hollow cylinder are determined by using the infinitesimal theory of electromagnetothermoelasticity. Some useful discussions and numerical examples are presented to show the significant influence of material inhomogeneity, and adopting a certain value of the inhomogeneity parameter β and applying suitable electric, thermal and mechanical loads can optimize the FGPM hollow cylindrical structures. This will be of particular importance in modern engineering design.     

Modal analysis of piezoelectric bodies with voids. II. Finite element simulation

The paper is concerned with the eigenvalue problems for piezoelectric bodies with voids in contact with massive rigid plane punches and coved by the system of open-circuited and short-circuited electrodes. The linear theory of piezoelectric materials with voids for porosity change properties according to Cowin–Nunziato model is used. The generalized statements for eigenvalue problem are obtained in the extended and reduced forms. A variational principle is constructed which has the properties of minimality, similar to the well-known variational principle for problems with pure elastic media. The discreteness of the spectrum and completeness of the eigenfunctions are proved. The orthogonality relations for eigenvectors are obtained in different forms. As a consequence of variational principles, the properties of an increase or a decrease in the natural frequencies, when the mechanical, electric and “porous” boundary conditions and the moduli of piezoelectric solid with voids change, are established.     

On-line Sulfur Isotope Analysis of Organic Material by Direct Combustion: Preliminary Results and Potential Applications

Abstract

Sulfur isotopes have received little attention in ecology studies because plant and animal materials typically have low sulfur concentrations (< 1 wt.%) necessitating labor-intensive chemical extraction prior to analysis. To address the potential of direct combustion of organic material in an elemental analyzer coupled with a mass spectrometer, we compared results obtained by direct combustion to results obtained by sulfur extraction with Eschka's mixture. Direct combustion of peat and animal tissue gave reproducibility of better than 0.5‰ and on average, values are 0.8‰ higher than values obtained by Eschka extraction. Successful direct combustion of organic material appears to be a function of sample matrix and sulfur concentration. Initial results indicate that direct combustion provides fast, reliable results with minimal preparation. Pilot studies underway include defining bear diets and examining fluctuations between freshwater and brackish water in coastal environments.     

Tracer Study on Catalytic Hydrogen Exchange Reactions over Nickel Catalyst

In heterogeneous catalysis it is important to know the reactivity of C-H bond in the hydrocarbon molecules. Experiments have been performed to obtain information about the exchange reaction of adsorbed hydrogen with methane and ethylene. In order to reduce the probability of forming products which contain more than one tritium atom, hydrogen labelled with H³ with low activity has been used.     

Moderne Arbeitsgeräte für die Grobstrukturprüfung mit 192Ir

Die Radiogaschromatographie stellt eine ausgezeichnete Methode für die Reinheitskontrolle ¹⁴C-markierter Präparate dar. Es werden jedoch in der Literatur kaum Größen zur Charakterisierung der Detektorempfindlichkeit für die radiogaschromatographische Messung angegeben.     

FJ中子屏蔽层设计及虚拟装配

基于单元块的概念设计,对FJ中子屏蔽层进行了空间布局,并提出命名方法。基于真空室扇区与扇区接口确定的虚拟设计空间,将三维模型特征数字化。通过反求设计方法,对FJ中子屏蔽层进行了结构设计。为缩短设计周期,提高设计效率,采用了骨架建模和Instance建模方法。同时,对FJ中子屏蔽层进行了虚拟装配。