Capture by stabilized continuum: Classical and quantum aspects

We review here the results of our investigations concerning chaotic atomic scattering in the presence of a laser field. Particular emphasis is put on the existence of classical stable resonance structures, induced by the intense laser field, which are embedded in the field-free continuum. We show that phase space structures in the vicinity of a resonance island play an important role in the chaotic scattering behavior and form the basis for a mechanism to enhance the lifetimes of the collisional partners. Quantum calculations, based on a wave packet propagation method, show that quantum solutions are strongly influenced by the classical phase space structures. More specifically, a wave packet is found to spread differently in the regular and chaotic regions; in the latter case it spreads exponentially with time until saturation occurs, defining the saturation time. We also investigate the dependence of the spreading rates in both the regular and chaotic regimes. Calculations with an ensemble of classical trajectories are also presented to further illustrate the smoothing effects of varying.     

Partial molal volumes of ions in organic solvents from ultrasonic vibration potential and density measurements. III. Dimethylsulfoxide

The partial molal volumes of Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Cl^–, Br^–, I^–, and NO ₃ ^- in DMSO at 25°C have been determined from ultrasonic vibration potential data and density data for solutions of uni-univalent electrolytes. Hepler's semiemprirical equation has been used to split ionic partial molal volumes into geometric and electrostrictive contributions. The results obtained in this work confirm the conclusion of our previous studies, namely, that the contribution of electrostriction is essentially determined by the properties of that layer of atoms, 0.3 to 0.4 nm thick, in contact with the ion and by the degree of steric hindrance of the poles of the dipole of the solvent molecule. On the other hand, the geometric contribution depends on the size of the solvent molecule and also on the arrangement of the solvent molecules about the ions. It is shown that the geometric contribution to the partial molal volume of ions is largely increased when ions cannot come close enough to the poles of the solvent-molecule dipole, owing to steric hindrance.     

Quarter wave plates for submillimeter wavelengths

A review is given of different types of quarter wave plates as presently used in the optical and microwave spectral range, with a view to their application in the sub-mm wave-length range. Two types of quarter wave plates have been constructed and results of measurements at 640m are given.     

A bound on the number of bound states in the Schrödinger equation

A boundS _l is given for the number of bound statesn _i in thelth partial wave corresponding to a spherically symmetric potential in non-relativistic quantum mechanics. This bound is given by whereV _a(l, r) is the attractive part of the effective potentialV(r)+l(l+1)/r ². Extensive comparative study ofS _i and the Bargmann inequality is made.     

TM模场入射到金属光栅的表面增强喇曼散射计算分析

以纳米量级金属履带矩形光栅为模型,研究了表面增强喇曼散射的特性.针对TM模的入射光,采用严格的耦合波原理对金属表面的衍射场进行了分析,并用数值计算方法讨论了光栅深度、光栅占空比等参量对金属表面增强的影响以及增强因子随光栅深度的变化关系.结果显示：当入射光波长为700 nm、入射角度为10°、光栅周期p=600 nm、 光栅深度d=37.5 nm、占空比为1/3时,获得最大增强,增强因子G达104倍.     

基于解码技术的全息显微术研究

提出了一种利用解码技术对全息显微畸变图像进行校正的方法。把全息记录中的显微镜预放大过程作为物光波产生畸变的编码过程;在波前再现过程中,用全息记录中的预放大显微镜对再现的赝实像再次放大进行解码,从而获得清晰的全息显微图像。实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

交叉分段差分进化支持向量回归的气体超声 流量计测量方法

为了进一步提高全量程气体超声流量计的测量精度,基于多通道声波到时和实时温度,提出了一种交叉分段差分进化(Differential Evolution)支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression)DE-SVR模型。考虑到气体在不同流量条件下的流体状态不同,提出了交叉分段处理的方法,采用DE算法优化选取SVR参数。实验结果表明,对于16~1600m3/h全量程,交叉分段DE-SVR和传统积分方法计算气体流量的平均相对误差分别为0.00447和0.02781,前者较后者降低了83.93%;对于16~160m3/h小流量,交叉分段DE-SVR和无分段DE-SVR算法计算结果平均相对误差分别为0.00436和0.03214,前者较后者降低了86.43%。该方法有效避免了声道长度、探头角度以及管道直径等参数不确定性对流量计算的影响,为全量程气体流量的高精度测量提供了保障。     

基于有限元模拟的超声应力系数标定及分析*

应力系数的标定作为超声应力检测最为关键的环节,直接决定应力检测结果的准确性。传统的应力系数试验标定对于被测物的表面粗糙度、耦合剂厚度、声匹配块与被测物接触力等因素十分敏感,但缺少基本参照值。基于COMSOL建立多物理场耦合的超声应力检测模型,施加不同的拉伸载荷,计算临界折射纵波到达时间与不同应力值之间的关系,模拟标定45#钢的超声应力系数为13.7MPa/ns。单轴水平拉伸试验标定的45#钢应力系数为16.5MPa/ns。结果表明,通过两种方法标定的应力系数较为接近,试验标定的应力系数偏大,这是由于有限元方法能够消除试验过程中各种不确定因素对声时精确测量所造成的影响,能够更加纯粹的反映材料的声弹性效应,因此具有作为基础数据的参考价值。有限元方法作为传统试验方法的补充,可以减小试验标定数据的离散性,提高超声应力检测结果的可信度。     

圆柱类构件超声相控阵聚焦模型

在利用平面相控阵超声换能器对圆柱类构件检测时,受曲界面结构引起的入射波和回波时延的影响,扫描声束的波阵面产生弯曲,在利用传统迭代遍历算法计算延迟时间时效率低,无法发挥相控阵换能器检测优势。针对上述问题,建立了一种基于圆柱类构件特征和耦合介质特性的超声相控阵扫描成像的聚焦模型。该模型基于换能器、耦合介质、圆柱类构件材料特性和几何关系以及声线模型和折射定律,建立了耦合介质及被检构件的声速、曲面曲率半径、阵列与曲面间的距离等关联的延迟时间聚焦控制模型。利用该模型计算出的延时时间,对各阵元发射时间进行控制,从而实现扫描声束的聚焦。该文以液体和有机玻璃制介质楔块为例,对圆柱钢曲面的相控阵声束聚焦进行了仿真实验,结果表明该文方法计算效率显著提升,同时声束可以在预设位置实现聚焦,验证了该模型在计算效率上的优势与有效性。     

左手材料设计及透明现象研究进展

左手材料具有负的介电常数, 磁导率和折射率,它与电磁波相互作用的规律与传统材料有本质的区别.首先讨论了金属线点阵结构实现负介电常数和开口谐振环点阵结构实现负磁导率的内在机理,综述了目前实现左手材料的设计与制备方法,讨论了左手材料研究中能量如何定义以满足守恒律, 左手材料的宏观等效参数的确定,以及影响左手材料负折射相对频带带宽的因素。最后对左手材料在光子隧道效应和电磁波透明方面的应用进行了介绍,重点讨论了利用力学中的``中性夹杂'概念对电磁波透明的设计.论文还探讨了声波左手材料的概念和物理意义,介绍了用声波左手材料实现声波透明的方法.