A near-infrared phosphor doped with Cr3+ towards zero-thermal-quenching for high-power LEDs

Cr³⁺-doped phosphors show significant application potential in near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the development of thermally stable and efficient NIR phosphors still faces enormous challenges. Herein, NIR phosphors K₂NaMF₆:Cr³⁺ (M³⁺ = Al³⁺, Ga³⁺, and In³⁺) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The represented K₂NaAlF₆:Cr³⁺ phosphor can be effectively excited by blue light (～430 nm) to present broadband emission at half a maximum of 96 nm peaking at ～ 728 nm. Meanwhile, the K₂NaAlF₆:Cr³⁺ phosphor exhibits excellent internal quantum efficiency (IQE = 68.08%) and nearly zero-thermal-quenching behavior, which is able to maintain 96.5% emission intensity at 150 °C of the initial value at 25 °C. The NIR phosphor-converted LED was fabricated based on K₂NaAlF₆:Cr³⁺ phosphor and a blue LED chip, showing a NIR output power of 394.39 mW at 300 mA with a high photoelectric conversion efficiency of 10.9% at 20 mA. Using the high-power NIR LED as a lighting source, transparent and quick veins imaging as well as non-destructive testing were demonstrated, suggesting the NIR phosphor has a wide range of practical applications.     

Roadside Drug Testing Approaches

The purpose of this review is to present an overview of roadside drug testing, driving enforcement, and drunk/drug driving detection around the world. Drunk and drug driving is a severe problem, not only in the UAE, but also around the world. This has important implications for road safety as drunk or drug driving may increase the chances of a driver’s involvement in a road crash when compared to a drug-free driver. Recently, due to increases in drug-impaired drivers’ crash involvement, many mobile roadside drug testing devices have been introduced to the market. These devices use oral fluid, urine or blood matrices. These are on-the-spot tests, which are easy to use and are applied by law enforcement agencies and the public. Law enforcement agencies most commonly use oral fluid to detect the presence of illicit drugs in drivers. This review discusses all the available devices in the market used by the authorities. It also describes the type of drugs widely abused by drivers along with behavioral testing methods. The different types of matrices used for roadside drug testing are also evaluated. Sample collection, storage, and pre-treatment methods are discussed, followed by the confirmatory analysis of positive samples. This article will significantly help law enforcement agencies compare and evaluate all the reliable roadside testing devices and new emerging confirmatory devices available to them in the market. This will help them make an informed decision on which device to adapt to their individual needs.     

Ultrasound as a Promising Tool for the Green Extraction of Specialized Metabolites from Some Culinary Spices

Spices are a popular food of plant origin, rich in various phytochemicals and recognized for their numerous properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, as well as the content of specialized metabolites, of aqueous extracts of three spice species––garlic (Allium sativum L.), ginger (Zingiber officinalle L.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)––prepared by green extraction methods. Ultrasound treatment increased the chromaticity parameter b value of turmeric and ginger extracts, thus indicating a higher yellow color predominantly due to curcuminoids characteristic of these species. Ultrasound-assisted extraction significantly increased the content of total soluble solids, phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and vitamin C. The temperature of the system was also an important factor, with the highest (70 °C) conditions in ultrasound-assisted extraction having a positive effect on thermolabile compounds (vitamin C, phenolics, total carotenoids). For example, turmeric extract treated with ultrasound at 70 °C had up to a 67% higher vitamin C content and a 69.4% higher total carotenoid content compared to samples treated conventionally at the same temperature, while ginger extracts had up to 40% higher total phenols. All different concentrations of spice extracts were not sufficient for complete inhibition of pathogenic bacterial strains of Salmonella, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus; however, only garlic extracts had an effect on slowing down the growth and number of L. monocytogenes colonies. Spice extracts obtained by ultrasonic treatment contained a significantly higher level of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity, suggesting that the extracts obtained have significant nutritional potential and thus a significant possibility for phytotherapeutic uses.     

毒品与化学*

毒品与化学的种种纠葛在2018年中国毒品形势报告中得到了淋漓尽致的体现,因此为做好禁毒工作,必须厘清化学与毒品的关系。从为什么毒品是化学品(毒品的本质),毒品检验和识别,毒品成瘾的本质,由传统毒品到新型毒品的转变等4个方面系统阐述毒品与化学的关系。     

大口径离轴凸非球面系统拼接检验技术

针对大口径离轴凸非球面面形检测的困难,本文将光学系统波像差检验技术与子孔径拼接干涉技术相结合,提出了凸非球面系统拼接检测方法。对该方法的基本原理和具体实现过程进行了分析和研究,并建立了合理的子孔径拼接数学模型。当离轴三反光学系统的主镜和三镜加工完成以后,对整个系统进行装调和测试,并依次测定光学系统各视场的波像差分布,通过综合优化子孔径拼接算法和全口径面形数据插值可以求解得到大口径非球面全口径的面形信息,从而为非球面后续加工和系统的装调提供了依据和保障。结合工程实例,对一口径为287 mm×115 mm的离轴非球面次镜进行了系统拼接测试和加工,经过两个周期的加工和测试,其面形分布的RMS值接近1/30λ(λ=632.8 nm)。     

Wavelet subspace decomposition of thermal infrared images for defect detection in artworks

Health of ancient artworks must be routinely monitored for their adequate preservation. Faults in these artworks may develop over time and must be identified as precisely as possible. The classical acoustic testing techniques, being invasive, risk causing permanent damage during periodic inspections. Infrared thermometry offers a promising solution to map faults in artworks. It involves heating the artwork and recording its thermal response using infrared camera. A novel strategy based on pseudo-random binary excitation principle is used in this work to suppress the risks associated with prolonged heating. The objective of this work is to develop an automatic scheme for detecting faults in the captured images. An efficient scheme based on wavelet based subspace decomposition is developed which favors identification of, the otherwise invisible, weaker faults. Two major problems addressed in this work are the selection of the optimal wavelet basis and the subspace level selection. A novel criterion based on regional mutual information is proposed for the latter. The approach is successfully tested on a laboratory based sample as well as real artworks. A new contrast enhancement metric is developed to demonstrate the quantitative efficiency of the algorithm. The algorithm is successfully deployed for both laboratory based and real artworks.     

NaN_3对玉米萌发过程中超弱光子辐射的影响

为了解读植物种子萌发过程中超弱光子辐射信息的生物学意义,采用呼吸抑制剂NaN3处理萌发玉米种子,跟踪测量和分析了玉米种子萌发过程中超弱光子辐射中自发光子辐射和外界光诱导的延迟光子辐射的变化规律,同时研究了萌发玉米种子鲜质量的变化.结果发现,NaN3同步抑制了萌发玉米自发光子辐射和鲜质量的增长,造成萌发玉米延迟光子辐射的初始光子数和延迟光子辐射积分强度大幅度降低,相干时间减小.机理分析表明,NaN3对呼吸代谢电子传递链的抑制造成的自由基反应减弱是萌发玉米自发光子辐射减小的原因,自发光子辐射强度可以作为玉米萌发状态的信号,延迟光子辐射动力学参数的大小可以表征萌发玉米呼吸代谢的强弱,相干时间是种子细胞组织序性的量度,通过对萌发种子超弱光子辐射的采集和分析可以实现对萌发种子细胞代谢和功能状态变化的灵敏和无损检测.     

车用塑料耐刮擦测试方法概述

耐刮擦测试是汽车内外饰塑料零件质量控制的一项重要指标。介绍了耐刮擦测试原理,刮擦头、负载、样品与刮擦头相对运动状态等是决定测试方法的关键技术要素,评价塑料耐刮擦性的方法分为目视法及仪器测量法。综述了五指刮擦法、硬度试验笔刮擦法、网格刮擦法、摩擦色牢度刮擦法及其他刮擦法测试方法,分析和总结了不同测试方法的特点和应用范围。     

对新时期分析测试中心定位的思考

就如何理解和看待新时期分析测试中心的定位和发展,如何解决分析测试中心在结构和管理上存在的固有问题提出了粗略的观点.希望对分析测试中心的发展起到抛砖引玉的作用.