基于平底孔反射体的双晶直探头测量模型

双晶探头在无损检测领域有着重要的应用,因而有必要建立一个超声测量模型来深入了解这类换能器的特点.通过将一个基于传递矩阵的多高斯声束模型和一个基尔霍夫近似方法获得的散射模型有效结合,建立了一个完整的纵波双晶直探头测量模型,用于预测平底孔缺陷体的回波信号.对比分析了平底孔反射回波信号的模型计算结果与实验测量结果,验证了该测量模型的准确性. 关键词： 超声测量模型 双晶直探头 多高斯声束模型     

自动对靶喷雾靶标红外探测研究

农林作物一般非连续种植,喷在农林作物靶标之间的药液造成巨大浪费和严重环境污染,因此探讨利用红外线探测技术实现靶标的自动探测, 对靶精准喷施意义重大。红外线可有效防止可见光的干扰,响应速度快,可实现无接触探测,由此建立的红外光电探测系统可靠性好、成本低。红外发光管发射出红外光照射到被探测物体上,反射的红外线被光电探测器接收,触发控制信号,实现自动对靶施药。系统中不同探测器组采用不同编码的调制脉冲红外信号,可消除组间光路干扰及其他光信号的干扰。实验结果表明所建立的红外靶标自动探测装置可对农林作物靶标进行自动探测,光波波长为850 nm,探测距离为0.1～6 m可调,靶标最小识别间距小于0.3 m。     

Growth mechanism and optoelectronic properties of nanocrystalline In2O3 films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis of metal-organic precursor

Thin films of indium oxide, In₂O₃, were deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis technique, using aqueous alcoholic solutions of indium acetylacetonate (In-acac) precursor, on glass substrates kept at temperatures between 300 and 500 °C. The structural, optical, and electrical properties have been investigated as a function of deposition temperature, precursor concentration, carrier gas pressure, and substrate-to-nozzle distance. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the formation of nanocrystalline In₂O₃ films is preferentially oriented along (2 2 2) plane. The surface morphological modifications with substrate temperature were observed using scanning electron and atomic force microscopic studies. Optical transmittance behavior of the films in the visible and IR region was strongly affected by the deposition parameters. The optical band gap values observed are between 3.53 and 3.68 eV. The long wavelength limit of refractive index is 1.83. The Hall mobility is found to vary from 23 to 37 cm²/V s and carrier density is found nearly constant at about 10²⁰ cm⁻³.     

Synergistic effects on iodine release in potassium iodide solution by combination of ultrasound and visible light irradiations

Iodine release in potassium iodide solution has been investigated under the irradiations of ultrasound and visible light respectively and simultaneously. We have observed that the amount of iodine liberated under the combined irradiation of ultrasound and visible light is larger than the sum of that under the respective irradiations of ultrasound and visible light, indicating a synergistic effect of ultrasound and visible light irradiations. Based on the investigation of the reaction kinetics of iodine liberated, we have ascribed the synergistic effect to the perfect stirring of the photochemical reactor induced by the applying simultaneous ultrasound. The ideal stirring can result in the homogenization of the primary light effect in the whole reaction medium, which induces the acceleration of the photochemical reaction. On behavior of our knowledge, there are few reports on the investigations of utilizing the combination of ultrasonic energy and light energy to accelerate the reaction yield and rate as well as the kinetics of the reaction.     

Ultrasonic SH wave velocity in textured aluminium plates

Neutron diffraction has been used to measure the crystallite orientation distribution function for a sample of rolled aluminium plate. Based on this study an expression is given for the ultrasonic velocity of the fundamental horizontally polarized shear (SH) wave propagating in the plane of the plate at an angle θ to the rolling direction. This expression is correct to second order in the leading texture component and is compared with the exact numerical result and with measurements of the SH wave velocity for this plate. In textured materials the group and phase velocities are not, in general, parallel and an expression for the angle between them is derived. Inclusion of this effect leads to better agreement between experiment and theory. The results have application to the texture-independent determination of stress with ultrasonics recently proposed by MacDonald and Thompson et al.     

超声波多普勒实验仪

基于多普勒效应原理,分别测得波源的频率和发生相对运动时观测到的频率即可分析出物体相对运动的速度.实验仪以单片机为测控系统核心实现超声波多普勒效应演示实验及速度测量并提供了具体的设计方案与实验结果.同时单片机赋予了仪器以软件为核心的技术特点,具有重塑性与可扩展性.     

关于超音速多普勒效应的思考

超音速多普勒效应由于其不便于测量,基本停留在纯理论分析阶段,导致人们产生了一些错误的观点.本文通过逻辑分析、计算机软件模拟等手段,对超音速多普勒效应的音频时序进行了分析研究,找出了错误观点产生的原因,作出了相应的解释,并对错误观点进行了修正,提供了解决方案.     

Propagation of longitudinal ultrasonic waves in RbH2PO4 near its ferroelectric phase transition temperature

Ferroelectric phase transition in RbH₂PO₄ has been investigated using propagation of longitudinal acoustic waves along the polar axis near the transition temperature. The velocity of this mode is continuous across the transition temperature. Velocity data in the ferroelectric phase are analyzed in terms of coupled soft modeacoustic mode model of Pytte to obtain the temperature dependence of the soft mode frequency. The attenuation data in the ferroelectric phase show power law dependence. It follows scaling behaviour of the type predicted by Kawasaki from the mode-mode coupling theory and the dynamical scaling.     

时差法超声流量计瞬时流速动态跟踪算法

时差法超声流量计由于受到功耗的限制, 在时间差的测量中不能采用很高的采样频率. 但在实际流量测量中存在着流体流速会突变的现象, 这样在低流速分辨率情况下就会引起流速测量不能实时跟踪而造成较大计量误差, 也就影响了其相应的计量精度和系统稳定性. 因此对时差法超声流量计瞬时流速动态的跟踪问题进行探讨, 设计出瞬时流速动态跟踪算法. 经过实验验证, 所设计的动态跟踪算法可以使超声流量计的计量精度提高0.4%左右, 重复性提高0.05%左右, 而系统功耗几乎没有大的变化.     

石油醚在流体静高压下的超声声速、衰减、密度和绝热压缩系数

 专门设计了用脉冲-回波-重合法在不同静水压下测量液体声速的装置，并对石油醚在0.1~650 MPa流体静压力范围内测量了其超声声速和衰减系数。还通过测量体积压缩量和质量得到石油醚密度ρ随流体静压力的变化。最后，给出了石油醚的绝热压缩系数β与流体静压力的关系。