有关力学谱和内耗工作的综合与回顾(英文)

本文广泛地收集了有关内耗,力学谱,超声衰减方面的专著及会议文集。反映了20世纪在此领域的英文,俄文出版的书籍。也列出了历次国际会议及前苏联,乌克兰,中国的国内会议。文中包括了点缺陷,电,声子,位错,晶界,电畴等诸方面在内的内耗与力学谱工作。     

Synthesis of Cu–Ni Alloy Powder Directly from Metal Salts Solution

Cu–Ni alloy powders were synthesized directly from metal nitrate solution. Combustion, ultrasonic mist combustion and ultrasonic pyrolysis processes were applied and Cu–Ni alloy powder was successfully synthesized by mist combustion and ultrasonic pyrolysis of nitrate salts in a reducing atmosphere. X-ray diffraction data showed that the copper and the nickel atoms were completely mixed. For Cu–Ni alloy powder prepared by ultrasonic mist combustion, powder was a hollow sphere and consisted of nano-sized particles. For Cu–Ni alloy powder prepared by ultrasonic pyrolysis, particles consisted of nano-scale particles loosely coagulated. The synthesis temperature was 800°C, which is much lower than the liquidus of a Cu–Ni binary system. Metal alloying by mist pyrolysis, named chemical alloying, has many advantages: (1) no crucible, ball or jar is needed, (2) low synthesis temperature below the liquidus of the alloy system, (3) no extraction step is needed, (4) no cation contamination, (5) direct synthesis of fine powder from metal salts and (6) a simple and inexpensive process. The disadvantage is the contamination of organic elements from the solvent and the salt.     

Ultrasonic and infrared study of molecular interactions in ternary mixtures of 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol with 2-propanone in benzene

The measurements of ultrasonic velocity and density were made for the ternary mixtures of l-naphthol/2-naphthol with 2-propanone in benzene at 20, 30 and 40°C in the mole fraction range of 0.00 to 0.05. Adiabatic compressibility and intermolecular free length have been evaluated using ultrasonic velocity data. The non-linear variation of ultrasonic velocity and allied parameters with mole fraction indicates solute-solute interactions through hydrogen bonding between unlike molecules. Results of ultrasonic velocity and density measurements are further supported by FT-IR spectra. The change in transmittance as well as the shift in the frequency of the representative peak of the OH stretching in FT-IR spectra give inferences about the complex formation.     

应用时差法测量声速

共振干涉法和相位比较法是大学物理实验中常用的测量声速的方法,但工程应用很广泛的时差法测量声速却很少在大学物理实验内容中涉及。在文中实验用时差法测量声速的实验结果和理论值相符较好,并对实验结果进行讨论和分析。     

Ultrasonic studies of aluminium-substituted Bi(Pb)-2223 superconductors

The compositional dependence of elastic properties of Al³⁺-substituted Bi(Pb)-2223 superconducting system with the general formula Bi_1.7−x Al_xPb_0.3Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃ O_y (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) have been studied by means of ultrasonic pulse transmission (UPT) technique at 1 MHz (300 K). The elastic moduli of the specimens are computed and corrected to zero porosity. The observed variation of elastic constants with aluminium substitution has been explained on the basis of the strength of interatomic bonding. The applicability of heterogeneous metal mixture rule for estimating elastic constants and transition temperature has been tested.     

超声萃取高效液相色谱法测定指画颜料中的6种防腐剂

建立指画颜料中2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮、苯甲酸等6种防腐剂的超声萃取-高效液相色谱的测定方法。经试验确定,萃取溶剂为100%甲醇,萃取时间为10 min,萃取温度为25℃。采用Hypersil ODS柱(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm),以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为245 nm。在0.5~20 mg/L检测范围内6种防腐剂的质量浓度与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r≥0.999 2,方法检出限为1.15~1.71μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.54%~3.18%(n=8),加标回收率为84.2%~108.0%。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,可用于指画颜料中6种防腐剂含量的分析检测。     

群沙射流结构的实验研究

本文以90－150μm的标准细沙为研究对象，利用超声波速度剖面测量仪和数码摄录机进行了垂直入水群沙射流的实验研究，给出了的群沙入水后的运动规律。我们发现，群沙湍射入水的一霎那，底部瞬时产生反射波，由它带动的流速与群沙入水带动的流速同量级。     

激光激发和接收固体中声脉冲方法

本文介绍了一种全光学的检测超声脉冲技术和装置。是用脉冲激光在固体中产生声(?)并以探测束偏转(刀刃技术)的原理为基础。文章给出了有关的性能(灵敏度,最佳实验条件,系统带宽,最小可检测表面梯度等)及其测量方法,实验证明该装置的带宽大于10MHz,最小可检测表面偏转角的实验值为8.5μrad。