Development and Application of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Method to the Quantification of the Biotransformation of Methyl Paraben in Eisenia foetida

A simple and quick ultra performance liquid chromatography method (UPLC) has been developed for determination of methyl paraben (MP) and its major metabolites p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) and phenol (Phe), following its biotransformations in Eisenia foetida. After different exposure time to paper contact test, the presence of methyl paraben and his biotransformation products in adult earthworms was monitored. Determination of its metabolites was achieved with a BEH (bridged ethane‐silicon hybrid) C₁₈ column (2.1×50 mm i.d., 1.7 µm particle size), using methanol/water/phosphoric acid as mobile phase, under a gradient elution program, and a PDA (photo‐diode array) detection (quantification with MaxPlot in the range 210–400 nm). The absorption of MP did not exceed 30% and in the first 4–6 h after exposure only minute amounts of pHBA and Phe were detected in the worm homogenates. After 48 h of exposures, almost 70% of absorbed MP was already metabolized to Phe and around 20% could be found as pHBA.     

Signal Level Simulation Modeling for Antenna Array of Aperture Synthesis Radiometer Based on the Equivalent Complex Baseband Representations

This paper presents a signal-level simulation model for simulating the process that antenna array of Aperture Synthesis Radiometer (ASR) collecting thermal radiation and transforming thermal radiation signal into radio frequency (RF) signal. By using the equivalent complex baseband signals to represent the practical thermal radiation and RF signals, simulation efficiency is improved significantly. The statistic characteristics of simulation results are found to match the corresponding theoretical analysis well. Results of an imaging simulation experiment show that this model can be employed in ASR system-level simulator design.     

Optimal doubly constant weight codes

A doubly constant weight code is a binary code of length n₁ + n₂, with constant weight w₁ + w₂, such that the weight of a codeword in the first n₁ coordinates is w₁. Such codes have applications in obtaining bounds on the sizes of constant weight codes with given minimum distance. Lower and upper bounds on the sizes of such codes are derived. In particular, we show tight connections between optimal codes and some known designs such as Howell designs, Kirkman squares, orthogonal arrays, Steiner systems, and large sets of Steiner systems. These optimal codes are natural generalization of Steiner systems and they are also called doubly Steiner systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 137–151, 2008     

The use of diode array detectors in conjunction with continuous wave gas lasers for anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy

The Raman spectrum of any molecule consists of two mirror-image signals, th e Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectra. In most cases, unless highly specific sampling conditions are used, the anti-Stokes signal is much weaker than that of the Stokes. The recent application of intensified diode array detectors to Raman spectroscopy has produced a marked increase in the sensitivity of the technique which makes a study of the anti-Stokes spectrum potentially more rewarding than it has been to date. The present study has shown that, although of limited use for general purposes, there are some specific instances where the anti-Stokes spectrum can be of considerable practical use. Such applications are to extend the operating range of the Raman spectrometer, to study photodegradable samples and for the analysis of samples which exhibit strong fluorescence.     

Numerical analysis for factorial data analysis. Part II: Special purpose hardware—the programmable systolic array SARDA

The second part of this paper deals with the systolic implementation of the computational kernel for factorial data analysis, defined in Part I, on special-purpose hardware. The framework of the study is that a sequence of different algorithms has to be performed on a unique hardware array. This fact has led us to the design of the programmable systolic array SARDA: this is a triangular array which consists of programmable nodes with local memory and programmable orthogonal connections.     

一步法制备钯纳米粒子修饰的多孔金电极及其对溶解氧的电催化

建立了只需一步操作即可完成在抛光洗净的金微盘阵列电极上进行多孔化处理和钯纳米粒子修饰的方法。通过对金微盘电极连续施加3个电位,分别实现金的氧化、金的还原和电沉积钯纳米粒子。利用扫描电镜和电化学方法监控制备过程,得到的结果证实了本方法的可行性和有效性。考察了溶液pH值与氧化时间对结果的影响,在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH7)中氧化90s,得到的修饰电极的电化学活性面积是裸电极的42倍。同时,由于整个过程不需要更换溶液,且只需开启一次仪器,大大简化了实验操作。将制备的修饰电极用于溶解氧的电催化,对溶解氧的灵敏度达到0.1mA·L/(cm2·mg),优于文献报道结果。     

Advanced high-performance liquid chromatography method for highly polar nitroaromatic compounds in ground water samples from ammunition waste sites

An advanced HPLC-photodiode array detection method for the determination of 12 selected highly polar nitroaromatic compounds in ground water samples of ammunition waste sites has been developed and validated. After solid-phase extraction the limits of detection were in the range 0.1–0.5 μg/l. To prove the applicability of the method to other polar nitroaromatic compounds the retention time of another 32 polar compounds under the specified chromatographic conditions were determined and their UV spectra recorded. To review the method, interlaboratory comparisons were performed with a spiked and a real ground water sample.     

Multipoint parallel excitation and CCD-based imaging system for high-throughput fluorescence detection of biochip micro-arrays

We report the development and the characterization of a multipoint parallel excitation and CCD-based imaging system for high-throughput fluorescence detection of biochip micro-arrays. A two-dimensional array of (19×19) points with uniform intensity distribution, generated by a holographic array generator, was used for parallel excitation of two-dimensional micro-arrays of fluorescence samples. A CCD-based imaging system was used for high-throughput parallel detection and quantitative analysis of the fluorescence output. Micro-array samples of cyanine (Cy5) dye dots on silicon wafers and on glass substrates with varying concentration were used to evaluate the performance of the system. Results of fluorescence intensity measurements with varying concentration of dye and with different image acquisition time are presented. We have demonstrated that this novel approach will, in general, outperform the conventional approach in the excitation efficiency, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the throughput. The limitations and the potential improvements of the present method are discussed.     

拟似然非线性模型的某些渐近推断:几何方法

Abstract. A modified Bates and Watts geometric framework is proposed for quasi-likelihoodnonlinear models in Euclidean inner product space. Based on the modified geometric framework,some asymptotic inference in terms of curvatures for quasi-likelihood nonlinear models is stud-ied. Several previous results for nonlinear regression models and exponential family nonlinearmodels etc. are extended to quasi-likelihood nonlinear models.     

Theoretical assessment of the errors involved in ultrasonic location and sizing of molten weld pools

Ultrasonic transit times may be used to locate the interface between molten weld metal and parent plate as a weld is formed. These transit times will lead to errors in interpretation of the location of the weld interface if account is not taken of the variation of ultrasonic velocity with temperature. We assess the magnitude of these errors using a theoretical model based on the Green's function to obtain the temperature distribution at any time and then convert the temperatures into elastic constants through empirical fits to high temperature data. A ray tracing method and a semi-analytical approach are used to estimate the effects of the changes in elastic constants on the ray paths and transit times. From these theoretical predictions we conclude that the location errors incurred by assuming ultrasonic velocities appropriate to cold metal are less than 0.5 mm for a 3.5 mm radius weld in austenitic steel or in iron. Experimental values tend to be larger than this, possibly suggesting that the solid-liquid interface is not as perfect as in the theoretical model. Under all of the conditions investigated, predicted errors are smaller with compression waves than with shear waves.