STABILITY OF POLY（N,N＇-METHYLENEBISACRYLAMIDE-co-4-VINYLPYRIDINE） MICROGEL DISPERSION AND ADJUSTMENT OF THE HYDROPHOBICITY IN THE MICROGELS

In the UV-Vis spectra of pure light-scattering systems, there is an exponential relationship between absorbance and wavelength （A = Kλ^-n）. Here, the exponent n is named as flocculation-coagulation parameter. In the present paper, the effects of different additives on the stability of poly（N,N＇-methylenebisacrylamide-co-4-vinylpyridine） （poly（Bis-co-4-VP）） microgel dispersion were studied in detail via this parameter. The results showed that the stability of the dispersion mainly comes from the ionization of pyridine groups, making the microgel positively charged on its surface. This was confirmed by the measurement of Zeta potential and the result of conductometric titration. The result of fluorescence analysis indicated that the hydrophobicity in the microgels is enhanced with the increase in total 4-VP unit content.     

A critical reappraisal of recent communications on the hydrodynamic characterization of silica (aerosil) hydrosols

Different results from recent communications on the hydrodynamic characterization of ultrasonicated silica (®Aerosil) hydrosols led to a critical reappraisal of the data.It can be concluded that the degree of dispersion achievable in pyrogenic (Aerosil) hydrosols by ultrasonication is highly sensitive to the detailed parameters of the dispersion process. Characterization in terms ofabsolute numbers of a limiting particle morphology, corresponding to minima of aggregate size, porosity and number of primary particles in the aggregate is not possible.The most straightforward approach for hydrodynamic characterization seems to be a combination of sedimentation and diffusion data.Other approaches using a combination of sedimentation and viscosity data underestimate the particle dimensions. Moreover, they are quite arbitrary since the final result depends upon the proper choice between several equations for fitting the viscosity concentration dependence; the most rigorous approach seems to be an extended Einstein equation which has recently been adapted to particle aggregates.     

Dielectric analysis of polystyrene microcapsules using scanning dielectric microscope

 A dielectric imaging technique with a scanning dielectric microscope was applied to polystyrene microcapsules in an aqueous environment to study the electrical properties of individual ones. The dielectric images obtained over a frequency range from 10 kHz to 10 MHz showed frequency dependence, which indicated dielectric dispersion (or relaxation) due to interfacial polarization or the build up of charge on the boundaries between the microcapsule shell and the aqueous phases. The dielectric dispersion was analyzed based on an equivalent electrical circuit model and a shell-sphere model in which a spherical core is covered with an insulating shell. Received: 26 September 1997 Accepted: 26 December 1997     

Thermal investigation of PEG 4000 — oxazepam binary system

A thermal study using DSC and Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM) was carried out to investigate the interaction in solid state of the binary system PEG 4000 — oxazepam, and to establish their phase diagram. The eutectic composition, which melting occurs at lower temperature as compared with the pure components, has been determined. The results obtained by DSC and HSM have indicated that PEG 4000 — oxazepam mixtures displays no obvious incompatibilities, and that the system shows a typical eutectic behaviour. However because of the closeness of the melting of PEG 4000 to the eutectic temperature, it was difficult to determine precisely the eutectic composition and temperature on the basis of DSC measurements alone. The use of heats of fusion corresponding to physical mixtures allowed an estimation of the eutectic composition at 6% w/w oxazepam. Additional information of temperature (57.6C) and composition (5–10% w/w oxazepam) of the eutectic was obtained by HSM using the contact method. This low melting temperature in this range of compositions offers advantages in terms of drug stability and easy manufacture.     

TiO2-双亲共聚物复合纳米粒子的合成与紫外光敏特性

用偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷改性纳米粒子TiO₂, 应用超声技术将TiO₂ 纳米粒子分散在甲醇介质中, 然后用苯乙烯(ST)原位聚合包封, 再用丙烯酰胺或乙烯基吡咯烷酮(VP)共聚, 两步原位分散聚合得到了有机聚合物为壳、TiO₂为核的有机/无机复合粒子. 用红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、透射电子显微镜等检测手段进行表征. 结果显示: 由于双亲共聚物对TiO₂纳米粒子的敏化作用, 紫外-可见光谱图上两种纳米复合粒子的最大吸收峰均有明显红移, 并且吸收光谱的范围扩大了, 其中尤以TiO₂/(PST-co-PVP)为甚. 意味着光敏化活性的提高, 特别是在可见光谱的范围内. 这种情形对宽带隙半导体材料如TiO₂纳米粒子的光催化特性是有利的, 表明这类材料的应用空间得到了拓展.     

C6v对称TIR-PCF结构参数对基模零色散点的调节数值研究

用多极方法数值研究构成六重对称全内反射型光子晶体光纤各种结构参数对基模零色散点的调节.数值结果表明,在相对孔径较大时,包层空气孔柱层数不影响零色散点,在其它结构参数相同的条件下,空气孔直径越大,零色散点波长越短,而在其它结构参数相同的条件下,空气孔孔距越大,零色散点波长越长,当空气孔直径与空气孔孔距都很小时,零色散点出现在长波区域,当空气孔直径与空气孔孔距大到一定程度时,色散曲线在零色散线出现振荡特性,并出现多个零色散点,在包层空气柱层数一定的条件下,中央纤芯缺省空气孔层数对零色散点的调节范围大.     

水性乳液/聚氨酯模型缔合增稠剂的触变性机理

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)与聚乙二醇(PEG,分子量为4000,6000和8000)为原料,以直链醇(C12,C14,C16和C18)为封端剂,合成了疏水改性乙氧基化氨基甲酸酯(HEUR),并将其应用于乳液增稠.采用核磁共振波谱(¹H NMR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)表征了HEUR的结构、分子量及其分布,研究了其在水性乳液中的流变行为.研究结果表明,当HEUR封端基团为C14,C16和C18,且质量分数增加到1. 0%以上时,增稠的乳液(Latex/HEUR)的流变曲线出现触变环,为触变性流体.当HEUR亲疏水比值(R_h)减小时,疏水性增强,触变环向低剪切速率(γ˙)方向移动,黏度下降率(Δη)增大;当HEUR用量增加时,触变环面积(S_loop)也增大.这些触变性特点归因于HEUR在乳液中的缔合作用、氢键作用及链缠结.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对Latex/HEUR的聚集态和表面形貌进行了表征.结果表明,随着HEUR封端基团链长增加,Latex/HEUR颗粒...     

Nonlinear dynamical magnetosonic wave interactions and collisions in magnetized plasma

The one-dimensional nonlinear dynamical wave interactions in a system of quasineutral two-fluid plasma in a constant magnetic field are investigated.The existence of the travelling wave solutions is discussed.The modulation stability of linear waves and the modulation instability of weakly nonlinear waves are presented.Both suggest that the Korteweg-de Vries(KdV) system is modulationally stable.Besides,the wave interactions including the periodic wave interaction and the solitary wave interactio...     

预应力约束下混凝土梁端的边角受压极限承载力分析

根据摩尔库伦破坏准则,提出梁端混凝土在预应力钢筋约束下的边角受压极限承载力的计算方法,并得出极限承载力理论值.通过与有限元软件ABAQUS计算出梁端混凝土在预应力钢筋约束下的边角受压极限承载力结果进行比较,发现摩尔库伦破坏准则所得的理论公式与数值分析结果相近,验证了本文推导的理论公式的正确性.该理论公式表明,预应力能较好地改善梁端混凝土的受力状态,提升梁端的极限承载力.     

0.22 THz高效率行波管的互作用计算

利用CST Microwave Studio 计算双排矩形梳状慢波结构的色散并据此确定了0.22 THz左右频段（D波段）行波管用慢波结构的尺寸参数。将相速再同步技术应用于基于双排矩形梳状慢波结构的D波段行波管中,用CST PIC模拟计算了4例具有不同周期构型的D波段行波管。结果证实：对于无集中衰减器的D波段行波管,在218~232 GHz范围内,相速再同步技术使得输出功率从10~13 W提高到19~28 W,电子效率从1.4%~2.2%提高到2.6%~3.9%;对于具有集中衰减器D波段行波管,在218~232 GHz范围内,相速再同步技术使得输出功率从8~16.8 W提高到32~41 W,电子效率从1.5%~2.8%提高到4.4%~5.7%。此外,无论行波管有无集中衰减器,相速再同步技术都明显改善了行波管的增益平坦度。