Computer-assisted optimization of mobile phase compositions and development distance selectivity in gradient two-step development high-performance thin-layer chromatography

A computer-assisted method is presented for optimization of mobile phase compositions and development distance in gradient two-step development HPTLC. The method is based on a system which can predict the final Rf values for gradient two-step development from values measured using five preliminary runs. The statistical scanning method is then used for optimization, using Rf difference as the selection criterion. The method was evaluated using a mixture of eight components. Excellent agreement was obtained between predicted and experimental results. Gradient two-step development HPTLC, mobile phase composition optimization, velopment distance optimizationde-     

两步离子交换玻璃光功分器的折射率分布

介绍了在用两步离子交换方法制作光功分器中，在高斯分布为初始条件下采用平均法求出非线性两步离子扩散方程的折射率分布，与实验测出的折射率分布符合得很好。该法尤其对单模光功分器求其折射率更为简单和实用。     

On discrete maximum principle

A model of optimal control for discrete systems and the historical development of the discrete maximum principle are considered. The paper deals with local optimality conditions of the first order, e.g. with a local maximum-principle and a quasi-maximum principle. Furthermore, optimality conditions of higher order, e. g. an optimality condition for singular controls are given.     

提高高楼层全息照相实验成功率的研究

通过本文的论述,找出在高楼层做全息照相实验成功率低的原因,并提出有效的解决方法.     

Finite element modelling of local scour below a pipeline under steady currents

Local scour has been identified as the main factor that causes failures of structures in offshore engineering. Numerous research efforts have been devoted to local scour around offshore pipelines in the past. In this paper, a finite element numerical model is established for simulating local scour below offshore pipelines in steady currents. The flow is simulated by solving the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a standard k ? ? turbulent model closure. A sand slide scheme is proposed for the scour calculation, and bed load is considered in the proposed scour model. To account for changes in bed level, the moving mesh method is adopted to capture the water–sediment interface (bed), and the change of bed level is calculated by solving Exner–Polya equation. All the equations are discretised within the two-step Taylor–Galerkin algorithm in this paper. It is found that the sand slide model works well for the simulation of the scour, and the numerical results are shown to be in good agreement with the available experimental data.     

重叠PCR法构建嗜酸乳杆菌分选酶A基因外源打靶片段

为比较单步法、分步法重叠PCR在构建嗜酸乳杆菌Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356分选酶A(SrtA)外源打靶片段的差异性, 设计了5对具有20~25bp互补末端的引物, 分别扩增两对上下游同源臂和卡那霉素基因, 先采用分步法、单步法重叠PCR构建不含筛选基因的外源打靶片段SrtA-up2-SrtA-down2, 比较两者优劣, 随后取较优者构建含抗生素筛选基因的打靶片段SrtA-up1-Kan-SrtA-down1. 结果显示单步法优于分步法, 非特异性扩增少, 拖尾现象少, 且扩增打靶片段SrtA-up1-Kan-SrtA-down1条带单一, 无非特异性扩增. 即在构建两种外源打靶片段时, 单步法重叠PCR优于分步法PCR, 为之后构建嗜酸乳杆菌基因打靶载体、构建融合基因打下了基础.     

钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备工艺与光伏性能研究

设计和制备结构为FTO玻璃/TiO2致密层/TiO2介孔层/CH3NH3PbI3吸收层/C电极的钙钛矿太阳能电池.采用两步法制备CH3NH3PbI3吸收层:首先通过旋涂技术制备PbI2薄膜,然后将PbI2薄膜在浓度为0.044 mol/L的甲基碘化胺/异丙醇(MAI/IPA)溶液中分别浸泡反应0.5 h、2.5 h、3.5 h和4.0 h后获得CH3NH3PbI3吸收层.研究了浸泡反应时间对CH3NH3PbI3吸收层的结构和形貌以及对电池光伏性能的影响.结果表明:PbI2薄膜在MAI/IPA溶液中反应后形成四方结构的CH3NH3PbI3晶粒,当浸泡反应3.5 h时,CH3NH3PbI3晶粒的平均尺寸最大,均匀性较好;XRD图谱中只有CH3NH3PbI3的特征峰,而PbI2的特征峰完全消失.同时,该条件下制备的钙钛矿太阳能电池的光伏性能最佳,其开路电压0.881 V、短路电流密度达到22.17 mA/cm2,光电转化效率6.79;,且在整个可见光区的光子-电子的转换效率接近50;.     

金属氧化物两步热化学循环分解水制氢*

金属氧化物两步热化学循环分解水制氢技术集太阳能储备与氢能制备于一体,是当前新能源研究和开发领域的热点之一。本文介绍了该技术制氢原理,综述了其关键材料金属氧化物体系和太阳能反应器的研究进展,分析了制约该技术规模化应用的“瓶颈”因素。最后,对近年出现的基于金属氧化物两步热化学循环分解水制氢的两步蒸汽重整新工艺的原理和金属氧化物材料研究进行了介绍,并对该领域的发展趋势进行了展望。     

硫化亚锡有序纳米孔道阵列薄膜的制备与表征

以阳极氧化铝为模板,采用两步复型技术首次制备了一种SnS有序纳米孔道阵列薄膜。SEM和TEM测试结果显示此SnS有序多孔薄膜具有几乎均一的、紧密堆积的、直形的纳米孔道阵列结构,孔道直径约200mm,长度约1μm。EDS,XPS和XRD分析结果表明此SnS有序多孔薄膜的SnS骨架具有正交SnS的晶体结构,薄膜中锡与硫的原子比接近化学计量比1:1。     

Numerical solution of a nonlinear parabolic control problem by a reduced SQP method

We consider a control problem for a nonlinear diffusion equation with boundary input that occurs when heating ceramic products in a kiln. We interpret this control problem as a constrained optimization problem, and we develop a reduced SQP method that presents for this problem a new and efficient approach of its numerical solution. As opposed to Newton's method for the unconstrained problem, where at each iteration the state must be computed from a set of nonlinear equations,in the proposed algorithm only the linearized state equations need to be solved. Furthermore, by use of a secant update formula, the calculation of exact second derivatives is avoided. In this way the algorithm achieves a substantial decrease in the total cost compared to the implementation of Newton's method in [2]. Our method is practicable with regard to storage requirements, and by choosing an appropriate representation for the null space of the Jacobian of the constraints we are able to exploit the sparsity pattern of the Jacobian in the course of the iteration. We conclude with a presentation of numerical examples that demonstrate the fast two-step superlinear convergence behavior of the method.