Modeling of the cathode jet of a high-power transferred arc

A physical model of two zones (constricted arc and cathode jet) of a 1-MW transferred arc in air is presented. It is based on the solution al conservation equations by a finite-differenee method. Turbulence is treated with Prandtl's approximation, whereas radiative transfer is solved considering a nonhontogeneous medium, with the hypothesis of gray spectral bands. The in of radiative transfer on the temperature field is illustrated using two-band and four-band radiation models. We also show the influence of several parameters on plasma jet properties: current intensity between 500 and 1500 A; gas mass /low rate between 10 and 90g/s, vortex injection. The arc characteristics are analyzed in accordance with physical mechanisms such as heat conduction, radiation, turbulence, convection, and miring of cold gas.     

Distance distributions recovered from steady-state fluorescence measurements on thirteen donor-acceptor pairs with different Förster distances

The end-to-end distance distribution of a flexible molecule was recovered from steady-state fluorescence energy transfer measurements using the method suggested by Cantor and Pechukas (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 2099–2101, 1971). In this method, the Förster distance (R ₀) is varied by attaching different donor-acceptor (D-A) pairs to the flexible linker of interest. Distance distributions are then recovered from energy transfer efficiency measurements on the set of D-A pairs with differentR ₀ values. Thirteen D-A pair compounds were synthesized withR ₀ values ranging from 6 to 32 Å. Each compound contained a tryptamine donor linked by an alkyl chain (10 carbons) to 1 of 13 acceptors. Using these compounds, we have experimentally confirmed the Cantor and Pechukas method for recovering distance distributions. The measured transfer efficiencies, as a function ofR ₀, were fit to the transfer efficiencies predicted for both Gaussian and skewed Gaussian distance distributions. The data support the existence of a skewed Gaussian distribution, and we believe that this is the first experimental observation of an asymmetric distribution for a flexible molecule using fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements. Finally, the experimentally recovered distance distribution was found to be in good agreement with the distribution predicted from the rotational isomeric state model of Flory (Statistical Mechanics of Chain Molecules, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1969, Chaps. 1, 3, and 5) but not with the predicted distribution for a freely rotating or freely jointed chain.     

Strong stationary duality for continuous-time Markov chains. Part I: Theory

LetX(t), 0t<, be an ergodic continuous-time Markov chain with finite or countably infinite state space. We construct astrong stationary dual chainX ^* whose first hitting times yield bounds on the convergence to stationarity forX. The development follows closely the discrete-time theory of Diaconis and Fill.^(2,3) However, for applicability it is important that we formulate our results in terms of infinitesimal rates, and this raises new issues.     

有限域上两个奇质数乘积长度的m次剩余码北大核心CSCD

设q为质数幂,m为大于1的正整数,p_(1),p_(2)为不同的奇质数满足gcd(q,p_(1)p_(2))=1且m|gcd(p_(1)-1,p_(2)-1).本文基于m次剩余的思想,给出码长为p_(1)p_(2)的m次剩余码的两种构造.对每种构造,分别给出其为相似文献   

中立型时滞微分方程解的零点距估计

考虑中立型时滞微分方程〔ｘ（ｔ）＋Ｐ（ｔ）ｘ（ｔ－ｒ）‘＋Ｑ（ｔ）ｘ（ｔ－σ）＝０，其中Ｐ（ｔ），Ｑ（ｔ）∈Ｃ（│ｔ０，∞），Ｒ＾＋），ｒ，σ∈Ｒ＾＋，本文对上述方程解的相邻零点间的距离作了新的估计。     

Random fixed points of set-valued operators

Some random fixed point theorems for set-valued operators are obtained. The measurability of certain marginal maps is also studied. The underlying measurable space is not assumed to be a Suslin family.

     

Structure Functions in Complex Flows

The turbulence in the ocean and atmosphere is most of the time non-homogeneous in nature. These spatial changes could affect the structure of the turbulence. In this work a classification is proposed to determine the intermittency and mixing ability. The variation of the structure functions and the scaling exponent in decaying non-homogeneous turbulence produced by a grid and by a jet is measured with a sonic velocimeter SONTEK3-D. We use Extended Self Similarity (ESS) to obtain better estimates of the scaling exponents of the structure functions of order up to the 6th. We study the variation of the absolute scaling exponents _p and relative scaling exponents ¯_p as a function of distance from the source of turbulence. In most cases, the absolute scaling exponent ₃ is shown to vary as function of the separation distance l. On the other hand the relative scaling exponents ¯_p depend on the location of the flow and in most cases the deviations from the Kolmogorov 1941 scaling are related to the intermittency.     

The distance between the Kac process and the Wiener process with applications to generalized telegraph equations

In this note we obtain a local central limit theorem and an expansion of length two for the Kac processY (t) that describes the position of a particle at timet after collisions. In particular, we obtain a rate of convergence for the distance of total variation for the distributions oft ^–1/2 Y (t) and the Wiener process at timet. The results apply to the probabilistic solutions of abstract telegraph and heat equations which heavily rely on the Kac and Wiener processes. Under very mild assumptions we establish a rate of convergence for a singular perturbation problem of an abstract heat equation.     

Structure and associated properties of concentrated SiO2 sols in dilute salt solutions

Using the Verwey-Overbeek potential (VO) function the various liquid-state properties of SiO₂ sols in dilute salt solutions have been evaluated under the mean spherical model approximation (MSMA). The structure factors of these SiO₂ sols predicted by this model are compared with results obtained from small-angle neutron scattering experiments by Ramsay et al. Fourier transformation of these structure factors have been performed to obtain the radial distribution functions (RDF), and from these RDF's we computed coordination numbers of the sol particles. The interparticle distanced _c of sol particles has been obtained from the peak position in structure factorS(k) by using the Bragg's equation. The surface potential _s of the oxide sols has been determined from the amplitude (A) of the VO potential. The present calculations clearly indicate some sort of ordering in the sols system. It is gratifying to note that the present theoretical calculations could reproduce the available observed results very satisfactorily with respect to structure factor and other data.     

Flexibility of the aldolase molecule measured using quenching-induced variations of the Forster distance for fluorescence energy transfer

The range of flexibility of the rabbit muscle aldolase molecule was studied using fluorescent labelled aldolase. The protein molecule was specifically labelled on the opposite sites of the enzyme subunit with the fluorescence energy donor and acceptor residues. Labelled aldolase with full enzymatic activity was used as a tool in the FRET studies between IAEDANS — donor or Cys-289 and IAF — acceptor on Cys-239. A range of Forster distance (R) was obtained by collisional quenching of the donor emission. The experiments of donor fluorescence quenching with wide range of acrylamide concentrations have shown the changes of donor-acceptor distances. In the absence of quencher the D-A distance distribution in characterized by an average value of 40.4 ?, and a half-width of 0.13 ?. A dramatic increase in half-width to 17.7? is observed after expositions of the enzyme to high acrylamide concentrations (0.13 M-0.68 M).