The relation between structure changes and thermal expansion in liquid indium

The structure of liquid indium in a wide temperature range has been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo methods. Analysis of temperature dependence of the interatomic distances and coordination numbers allowed us to determine the existence of structural transformation in a liquid state. Moreover, it was found that at a temperature of 640 K thermal expansion coefficients, estimated from temperature dependence of interatomic distances, change its sign from negative to positive confirming the transformations in structure of liquid indium which are observed by temperature variations.     

Nonstoichiometric laser materials: Designer wavelengths in neodymium-doped garnets

The tunable nature of lasers provides for a wide range of applications. Most applications rely on finding available laser wavelengths to meet the needs of the research. This article presents the concept of compositional tuning, whereby the laser wavelength is designed by exploiting nonstoichiometry. For research where precise wavelengths are required, such as remote sensing, this is highly advantageous. A theoretical basis for the concept is presented and experimental results in spectroscopic measurements support the theoretical basis. Laser operation nicely demonstrates the validity of the concept of designer lasers.     

Structural evolution of cylindrical‐phase diblock copolymer thin films

We have measured the time evolution of the self‐assembly process in perpendicular‐oriented cylindrical‐phase diblock copolymer thin films using statistical analysis of high‐resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Within minutes of annealing above the polymer glass‐transition temperature, microphase separation between polymer blocks results in formation of uniform nanometer‐scale domains whose relative position is initially largely uncorrelated. On further annealing, the cylindrical polymer domains organize into a two‐dimensional hexagonal lattice whose characteristic grain size increases slowly with time (～t^1/4). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1970–1975, 2004     

Analysis of two neutron (proton) transfer reaction data in the Zr-region

The spectroscopic amplitudes, form factors, angular distributions and total cross-sections for two nucleon transfer reactions in Zr-region in the zero range distorted wave Born approximation are calculated using consistent set of shell model wave functions. A single normalisation factor gives a good fit to all the two neutron transfer reaction data whereas the corresponding fit for the two-proton transfer reaction data is less satisfactory.     

Optimal sub-millimeter bands for passive limb observations of stratospheric HBr, BrO, HOCl, and HO2 from space

Present and near future limb-sounding heterodyne instruments operating at millimeter or sub-millimeter wavelengths will be capable to gather profile information on a variety of stratospheric trace gases with relatively strong spectral features such as O₃, H₂O, O₂ (temperature), N₂O, HCl, ClO, HNO₃, CH₃Cl, and CO. Some species however, which are of particular interest for the understanding of stratospheric ozone chemistry, have only very weak spectral signatures, either due to their very small abundances and/or spectroscopic properties. These are amongst others the radical BrO, the potential bromine reservoir HBr, HOCl as a member of the chlorine family, and the hydroperoxyl radical HO₂. Often, these target species are very difficult to detect and profiles have not yet been measured by space-borne sensors at all, even considering other spectral ranges and observation techniques. A study was therefore dedicated to the investigation of the retrieval of species with spectral features close to the detection limit of a typical state-of-the-art space-borne heterodyne receiver. A survey of the millimeter- and sub-millimeter spectral range was performed in order to identify appropriate spectral bands, followed by retrieval simulations for a representative atmospheric and instrumental scenario in order to explore the relative merits of the pre-selected bands and to derive associated parameters as measurement precision, altitude range and resolution. The feasibility of retrieving profile information from limb observations at sub-millimeter wavelengths of the “weak line” species under investigation is demonstrated. Optimal dedicated bands are recommended for HBr , BrO , and HOCl . For HO₂ five more or less equivalent bands between 585 and are identified.     

Phonon Band Filling and Photon Emission by Phonons

Phonon generation by electrons is supplied in n-type Si crystals in electric fields E100 kV/cm at the lattice temperature of 80 K employing the ensemble Monte Carlo technique. Electron transfer between equivalent energy valleys is accounted for the g-type- and f-type phonon absorption and emission. Acoustic phonons are accounted for the quasi-elastic scattering of electrons within the energy valleys. Excess phonon number is determined using numerical data on phonon generation rate and experimental values of phonon lifetimes. The feasibility of stimulated emission of infrared-range photons due to direct optical transitions between the phonon bands is discussed.     

光纤光栅温度调谐技术的发展与展望

介绍了光纤光栅调谐技术的基本原理。分别对基于半导体制冷器、电阻丝、双肩梁结构、镀膜光纤光栅的温度调谐方法进行了分析和综述。展望了光纤光栅温度调谐技术未来的发展。     

正则Cosine算子函数的乘积扰动定理

本文研究了正则cosine算子函数的乘积扰动性,在正则化算子C的值域不 一定稠密的一般情形下,获得了若干正则cosine算子函数的乘积扰动定理.     

焊接结构长寿命区疲劳累积损伤的概率模型

根据焊接结构在各种随机谱载荷下长寿命区疲劳试验的有关资料,对变幅载荷下焊接结构在长寿命区疲劳累积损伤的分布规律进行了统计分析,根据长寿命区疲劳高度离散性的特点,提出了一种变标准差的概率设计模型。     

基于专家－模糊PID的通用温度控制系统研究

为了解决温度控制系统易受外界干扰、自身参数时变不确定以及控制难度大等问题, 采用了模糊PID控制算法结合专家判断, 组成专家－模糊PID控制器的方法来控制温度. 将该方法应用于通用智能温度控制器中, 调试运行结果表明: 该方法解决了常规PID适应性差、不能在线进行参数自整定的问题, 不仅具有PID控制精度高的优点, 同时具有良好的动、静态特性, 可满足在通用智能温度控制器中的应用