CsCl-TmCl3-HCl-H2O(25 ℃)的相平衡及其固相化合物

The equilibrium solubilities of the quaternary system CsCl-TmCl₃-HCl-H₂O was determined at 25 ℃ and the corresponding equilibrium diagram was constructed. The diagram is a complicated system with limited solid solutions and formation of a new compound 3CsCl·2TmCl₃·14H₂O. The new compound has been characterized by XRD, TC-DTG and fluorescence spectrometry. Results show that upconversion spectrum exhibits at 335 nm when exciting at 860 nm, and fluorescence spectrum exhibits at 295 nm and 385 nm when exciting at 240 nm. The compound loses its crystal water by four steps at 50 to 250 ℃. Using a heat conduction calorimeter, the standard molar enthalpy of dissolution of 3CsCl·2TmCl₃·14H₂O was determined to be (-11.601 ± 0.050) kJ·mol^-1 at 298.15 K.     

三价铬电沉积的动力学数学模型

系统分析了三价铬电沉积阴极各反应间的逻辑关系，采用数学方法推导了三价铬电沉积速度与镀液Cr^3＋浓度、搅拌（对流）强度、温度等因素的相互关系，建立了三价铬电沉积动力学数学模型．从所建模型可知，三价铬电沉积第一步反应（Cr^3＋→Cr^3＋）的电流密度受液相传质步骤控制，强搅拌下此反应可生成更多的Cr^2＋，但同时也加速了Cr^2＋从电极表面向镀液本体的扩散．Cr^2＋的还原（Cr^2＋→Cr^o）是整个三价铬电沉积过程的速度控制步骤，其电流密度与镀液扩散状况无关．选择合适的配体，加速Cr^2＋的电荷转移是提高三价铬电沉积质量的关键．     

离子液体中18-冠醚-6添加剂对三价铬电沉积的影响

在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐（[BMIM]HSO₄）电镀液中,探究了18-冠醚-6添加剂对电沉积铬的影响. 紫外-可见光谱结果表明,18-冠醚-6与Cr³⁺形成配合物,使最大吸收波长发生红移. 循环伏安研究表明,Cr³⁺的还原经历了两步. 18-冠醚-6的添加使Cr³⁺的峰电位和起始还原电位均正移了220 mV. 能谱仪（EDS）结果显示,在18-冠醚-6的作用下镀层中铬含量有所提高. 铬镀层的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征结果表明,加入18-冠醚-6后,所得镀层的颗粒变大. 18-Crown-6/CrCl₃/[BMIM]HSO₄/H₂O电镀液中工艺优化的结果为：在温度为50 ^oC、pH值为3.5、电流密度为1200 A·m^-2、电镀时间为1.5 h的最佳工艺条件下,铬镀层的厚度达到72.5 μm,电流效率为42.3%.     

一种罗丹明衍生物的合成及其对三价金属离子(Fe~(3+)、Cr~(3+)和Al~(3+))的识别

三价金属离子(Cr~(3+)、Fe~(3+)和Al~(3+))与人体健康密切相关。目前,检测Cr~(3+)、Fe~(3+)和Al~(3+)需要采用不同的荧光探针,增加了检测成本和检测时间。发展能够同时检测Cr~(3+)、Fe~(3+)和Al~(3+)的高灵敏度和强抗干扰能力的荧光探针具有非常重要的意义。本文以罗丹明B为原料,合成和表征了一种罗丹明类荧光增强型探针(P),并研究了其光谱性质。研究表明,在V(甲醇)∶V(水)=9∶1体系中对三价金属离子Fe~(3+)、Cr~(3+)和Al~(3+)具有较高的选择性,不受其它二价金属离子及一价金属离子的影响,抗干扰能力强。同时,探针P对三价金属离子具有较高的灵敏度,对Cr~(3+)、Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)的检测限分别为3.0×10~(-4)、2.7×10~(-4)和1.0×10~(-4)mol/L,表明其可用于Cr~(3+)、Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)的检测。     

Co(Ⅲ)官能化SBA-15的制备、表征及其催化环己烯环氧化

通过环戊二烯基修饰的SBA-15(SBA-15-Cp)与马来酸酐的Diels-Alder反应及水解合成了邻二羧酸官能化的SBA-15,并将原位生成的Co(Ⅲ)络合物负载于其上制得Co(Ⅲ)官能化SBA-15样品SBA-15-Co(Ⅲ).傅里叶变换红外光谱、元素分析和X射线光电子能谱法结果证实羧酸官能团和Co(Ⅲ)成功地...     

The spectroscopic and energy transfer characteristics of the rare earth ions used for silicate glass fibre lasers operating in the shortwave infrared

The continuing growth in the research and development of high power diode‐pumped fibre lasers relates to the exceptional thermal management provided by the extended geometry of the fibre and the small quantum defect associated with the 1 μm emitting Yb³⁺ ion. Lengthening the emission wavelength of diode‐pumped fibre lasers further into the infrared is important for many applications ranging from medicine to defence; however, extending the emission wavelength remains a challenge. This review will examine in detail the spectroscopy and the energy transfer processes that impact Tm³⁺‐doped and Ho³⁺‐doped silicate glasses that are used for fibre lasers in the 1.9 μm to 2.1 μm region of the shortwave infrared spectrum. We will explore a number of important applications that function in the shortwave infrared region that will benefit from using these light sources and I will suggest the reasons for choosing silicate glass over other glasses as the host material for this wavelength range.     

Ultrasonic wave propagation in rare-earth monochalcogenides

The ultrasonic attenuation in thulium monochalcogenides TmX (X=S, Se and Te) has been studied theoretically with a modified Mason’s approach in the temperature and range 100 K to 300 K along 〈100〉, 〈110〉 〈111〉 crystallographic directions. The thulium monochalcogenides have attracted a lot of interest due to their complex physical and chemical characteristics. TmS, TmSe and TmTe are trivalent metal, mixed valence state, and divalent semiconductor, respectively. Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential is applied to evaluate the second- and third-order elastic constants. These elastic constants are used to compute ultrasonic parameters such as ultrasonic velocities, thermal relaxation time, and acoustic coupling constants that, in turn, are used to evaluate ultrasonic attenuation. A comparison of calculated ultrasonic parameters with available theoretical/experimental physical parameters gives information about classification of these materials.      

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐与乙酸钠混合电解液中三价铬电镀的研究

本文研究了Cr³⁺在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐（[BMIM]HSO₄）电解液中的电沉积反应以及添加剂NaOAc对电镀铬的影响. 含Cr³⁺电解液的循环伏安结果表明,Cr(III)还原为Cr(II)的峰电位是-1.5 V (vs. Pt), 峰电位和峰电流均满足Rendle-Sevcik扩散方程,由该方程计算得到Cr³⁺的扩散系数为1.6 × 10^-8 cm²·s^-1. 铬镀层的X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜表征结果表明镀层由纳米球状的单质铬颗粒聚集而成,其平均粒径为0.87μm. 在电解液中添加NaOAc后,Cr³⁺的还原峰电位正移了约0.25 V. 同时EDS结果表明,在NaOAc的作用下镀层中Cr/O摩尔比由4.48增加至6.28,这说明OAc^-有利于单质铬的电沉积. 当电解液中NaOAc-[BMIM]HSO₄-CrCl₃-H₂O的摩尔比为0.075:1:0.5:6时,所得的镀层最厚(63 μm)与电流效率最高(33.5%).     

High order electron paramagnetic resonance transitions of Gd3+ in Pr2Zn3(NO3)12·24H2O single crystals

Electron paramagnetic resonance of Gd³⁺ in Pr₂Zn₃(NO₃)₁₂ · 24H₂O single crystals has been studied at ∼ 9.45 GHz and at 285 K. In addition to the allowed fine structure lines (ΔM=± 1) some weak low field lines identified as ΔM = ± 2 transitions have been observed.