Effect of aromatic substitution on the cure reaction and network properties of anhydride cured triphenyl ether tetraglycidyl epoxy resins

A systemic study of the impact of aromatic substitution on the reaction rate and network properties of the isomers of a tetraglycidylaniline triphenyl ether epoxy resin cured with anhydride hardeners is presented here. The epoxy resins synthesized in this work were based upon N,N,N,N‐tetraglycidyl bis(aminophenoxy)benzene (TGAPB), where the glycidyl aniline and ether groups change from being all meta (133 TGAPB), to meta and para (134 TGAPB), and finally to an all para substituted epoxy resin (144 TGAPB). Increasing para substitution increased reaction rate, promoted the onset of vitrification and increased epoxide conversion. Thermal properties such as glass transition temperatures (T_g) and coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) both increased consistently with increasing para substitution, although thermal stability as measured via thermogravimetric analysis decreased. Mechanical properties also varied systematically with flexural strength and ductility increasing with increased para substitution, while the modulus decreased. Indeed, the ductility almost doubled, as measured by the work of fracture and displacement at failure highlighting the importance of substitution on properties.     

步进扫描差示扫描量热法研究不同链结构的聚乙烯类聚烯烃热力学特性

采用步进扫描差示扫描量热法研究了几种具有不同链结构的聚乙烯类聚烯烃的热力学性质.结果表明,不同链结构的聚烯烃在热力学平衡熔融态下,其绝对比热容的温度依赖性在实验误差范围内几乎相同;而无论链结构的变化如何,在极低温度下稳定结晶态的热容也非常接近.但在熔融温度范围内,比热容对不同聚烯烃的链结构非常敏感,这是由于在远低于聚烯烃主熔化峰温度范围内,聚乙烯晶体结构中的不同支链的影响.在时间-热流的步进扫描曲线中,具有长支链结构的聚烯烃表现出独特的熔融-再结晶行为,这可能是由于交联点之间较长的受约束链段的运动在熔融过程中得到释放并重排所致.     

Oppositely Charged Ti3C2Tx MXene Membranes with 2D Nanofluidic Channels for Osmotic Energy Harvesting

Membrane‐based reverse electrodialysis (RED) is considered as the most promising technique to harvest osmotic energy. However, the traditional membranes are limited by high internal resistance and low efficiency, resulting in undesirable power densities. Herein, we report the combination of oppositely charged Ti₃C₂T_x MXene membranes (MXMs) with confined 2D nanofluidic channels as high‐performance osmotic power generators. The negatively or positively charged 2D MXene nanochannels exhibit typical surface‐charge‐governed ion transport and show excellent cation or anion selectivity. By mixing the artificial sea water (0.5 m NaCl) and river water (0.01 m NaCl), we obtain a maximum power density of ca. 4.6 Wm^?2, higher than most of the state‐of‐the‐art membrane‐based osmotic power generators, and very close to the commercialization benchmark (5 Wm^?2). Through connecting ten tandem MXM‐RED stacks, the output voltage can reach up 1.66 V, which can directly power the electronic devices.     

An Exceptional Peroxide Birefringent Material Resulting from d–π Interactions

Birefringent materials, which can modulate the polarization of light, are almost exclusively limited to oxides. Peroxides have long been overlooked as birefringent materials, because they are usually not stable in air. Now, the first peroxide birefringent material Rb₂VO(O₂)₂F is reported, the single crystals of which keep transparency after being exposed in the air for two weeks. Interestingly, Rb₂VO(O₂)₂F does not feature an optimal anisotropic structure, but its birefringence (Δn=0.189 at 546 nm) exceeds those of the majority of oxides. According to the first‐principles calculations, this exceptional birefringence should be attributed to the strong electronic interactions between localized π orbital of O₂^2? anions and V⁵⁺ 3d orbitals, which may be also favorable to the stability in the air for Rb₂VO(O₂)₂F. These findings distinguish peroxides as a brand‐new class of birefringent materials that may possess birefringence superior to the traditional oxides.     

Metal–Organic Framework Membrane Nanopores as Biomimetic Photoresponsive Ion Channels and Photodriven Ion Pumps

Biological ion channels and ion pumps with sub‐nanometer sizes modulate ion transport in response to external stimuli. Realizing such functions with sub‐nanometer solid‐state nanopores has been an important topic with wide practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate a biomimetic photoresponsive ion channel and photodriven ion pump using a porphyrin‐based metal–organic framework membrane with pore sizes comparable to hydrated ions. We show that the molecular‐size pores enable precise and robust optoelectronic ion transport modulation in a broad range of concentrations, unparalleled with conventional solid‐state nanopores. Upon decoration with platinum nanoparticles to form a Schottky barrier photodiode, photovoltage across the membrane is generated with “uphill” ion transport from low concentration to high concentration. These results may spark applications in energy conversion, ion sieving, and artificial photosynthesis.     

石墨烯在有机/聚合物太阳能电池中的应用进展

近年来有机/聚合物太阳能电池得到国内外研究者的广泛关注,但其目前较低的能量转换效率有待进一步提高以满足市场化的需求。本文综述了新型二维电子材料石墨烯及其衍生物在有机/聚合物太阳能电池的受体材料、电极材料、电荷传输材料方面的研究进展,分析了石墨烯功能化的方法以及石墨烯衍生物应用于有机太阳能电池中的性能参数,最后对石墨烯及其衍生物的合成和修饰方法进行展望,以期将来在有机太阳能电池材料中得到更好的应用。     

吡咯聚合调控脉冲电沉积制备球形羟基磷灰石和银纳米粒子复合涂层

借助聚吡咯(PPy)的调控,采用脉冲电沉积法在生物医用金属钛表面制备出均匀的纳米HA/PPy/Ag抗菌复合涂层.考察了电解液中Py浓度、Ag~+浓度、钙磷盐浓度等对复合涂层的形貌及成分的影响.探讨了PPy聚合过程形成球形HA-NPs和Ag-NPs的形成机理,并对复合涂层的生物活性、生理稳定性及抗菌性能进行研究.研究结果表明,电解液中Py浓度的高低影响涂层的形貌,Py浓度为0.03 mol/L时有利于复合涂层的沉积.电解液中Ag~+浓度影响涂层的形貌、结晶,电解液中Ag~+浓度为0.3 mmol/L左右比较适合.电解液中Ca~(2+)浓度影响涂层的形貌及结晶,其浓度过高颗粒尺寸增大,Ca~(2+)浓度为5.0 mmol/L左右较适合.复合涂层能够诱导磷灰石的生成,使其沿着(002)晶面出现择优生长,具有较好的生物活性.PPy的加入大大降低了复合涂层中Ca~(2+)和Ag~+的释放速度,提高了复合涂层的生理稳定性.抗菌检测表明复合涂层具有良好的抗菌性.     

固相法合成新型三联噻吩与噻吩衍生物共聚物

采用固相合成法,分别用4,7-二噻基-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑, 1,4-二噻基-苯和3,6-二噻基-哒嗪与三联噻吩反应合成了三种三联噻吩与噻吩衍生物共聚物(2a~2c),其结构和电化学性质经 UV-Vis, IR, SEM和CV表征。结果表明：与均聚物相比,2a~2c的最大吸收峰无明显红移;氧化电位（0.53～0.51 V）较均聚物负移。     

Influence of Steric Hindrance of N‐Heterocyclic Ancillary Ligands on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Manganese(II) Coordination Polymers

Three biphenyl‐3,5‐dicarboxylic acid (H₂ L ) based coordination polymers, namely, [Mn₃( L )₃(2,2′‐bpy)₂]_n ( 1 ), {[Mn( L )(phen)] · (MeOH)}_n ( 2 ), and [Mn( L )(dipt)]_n ( 3 ), (2,2′‐bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline, and dipt = 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline) were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and analyses of their magnetic properties. 1 is a trinuclear manganese structure with a 2D motifs, which can join by hydrogen bond bridges to give 3D supramolecular architectures. 2 has a dinuclear center forming a 1D supramolecular ladder chain. The mononuclear complex 3 displays 1D metal‐organic chains driven by μ₂‐ L linkers. Their structural differences were investigated, revealing that the influence of steric hindrance on the structures of acid‐based coordination polymers is realized through changing the N‐heterocyclic ancillaries of diverse steric hindrance. Obviously, with decreasing of the steric hindrance of the N‐donor ligand, complexes 1 – 3 show structures from 1D to 2D and mononuclear to multinuclear. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that 1 and 2 have dominating antiferromagnetic couplings between metal ions, whereas compound 3 is paramagnetic.     

基于吡嗪-吡啶-酰腙配体的三个配合物的制备及其荧光和光催化性能

合成了3个配合物{[Zn_3(L)_2(SO_4)_2(H_2O)_4]·H_2O}n(1)、{[Cd_2(L)_2(SO_4)(H_2O)]·H_2O}n(2)和{[Cd(L)I]·CH_3OH}n(3)(HL=N′-nicotinoylpyrazine-2-carbohydrazonamide),并通过单晶X射线衍射、红外、元素分析和粉末X射线衍射等手段进行表征。配合物1中,采用μ3-η1η1η1配位模式的SO_4~(2-)把Zn(Ⅱ)连接成无机网状二维平面(bc面),有机配体HL交错的分布在网状平面的两侧,这些二维层在分子间氢键的作用下形成三维超分子结构。配合物2是由配体HL连接[(Cd2)2(μ2-SO4)2]和Cd1两种节点形成的二维结构,相邻的二维层在π…π堆积作用下形成三维超分子结构。配合物3是一维的Z字链结构,这些一维链在氢键的连接作用下形成二维的超分子网络结构。光催化降解亚甲基蓝实验结果表明,在双氧水存在时配合物1~3均表现出很好的降解效果。