弱凝胶钻井液成胶剂AM/AMPS/OA_8的合成与表征

针对水平井、大斜度井钻井过程中井眼润滑性、岩屑携带以及钻井速度的影响等问题,通过合理的分子设计,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和实验室自制疏水单体丙烯酸正辛醇OA_8为原料,利用胶束聚合法,制备了一种弱凝胶成胶剂AMAMPSOA_8,其结构经1H NMR和IR表征。以AMAMPSOA_8在低剪切速率下的表观粘度为指标设计正交试验,确定最优反应条件为:AM与AMPS摩尔配比为4.8∶1,引发剂用量为单体总质量的0.04%,疏水单体浓度为0.75%,于70℃反应9 h。该条件下,0.5%AMAMPS0A_8聚合物溶液在低剪切速率3 r·min~(-1)下表观粘度可达23 680 mPa·s。利用热分析仪、高温滚子炉、高温高压流变仪对产物性能进行了研究。研究表明:AMAMPSOA_8的抗温性能可达160℃;聚合物溶液体系有明显的触变性,在40 min后溶液切力增加幅度变缓。     

中空TiO_2微球的制备及对聚丙烯酸酯薄膜性能的影响

采用阳离子聚苯乙烯微球作为模板,钛酸四丁酯为钛源,氨水为催化剂,制备了中空TiO_2微球.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及比表面测定仪对其形貌和结构进行了表征,并考察了模板粒径、钛源用量以及催化剂用量对中空TiO_2微球形貌的影响.通过物理共混法将其引入至聚丙烯酸酯乳液中并成膜,研究了复合薄膜的保温性能、抗紫外性能及力学性能.结果表明,锐钛矿相中空TiO_2微球模板粒径、钛源用量以及催化剂用量影响中空TiO_2微球的空心尺寸、壁厚及壳层致密性.中空TiO_2微球可显著提升聚丙烯酸酯薄膜的保温性能、抗紫外性能和力学性能.采用不同粒径的模板制备的中空TiO_2微球对复合薄膜的各项性能均有影响,其中模板粒径为140 nm时复合薄膜性能最优,光反射率提升63%,导热系数降低27%,且在波长小于360 nm范围内,紫外透过率几乎为0,抗张强度增加100%,断裂伸长率提升62%.     

羧甲基纤维素钠修饰的聚氨酯泡沫制备磁性吸油材料

采用聚氨酯泡沫为模板,依次修饰羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、Fe~(3+),在惰性气氛中高温热处理反应,制备多孔结构的磁性吸油材料.用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、红外吸收光谱、X-射线衍射、接触角等技术对材料进行表征.详细考察了加热反应温度、CMC浓度和Fe~(3+)浓度对材料吸油性能和磁性的影响规律.实验表明,当加热反应温度选择230°C,CMC浓度为0.3 wt%,FeCl_3浓度为0.1 mol/L时,材料吸油性能最佳,对正己烷、二甲苯、环己烷、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、机油、原油等有机溶剂和油类分子的吸附容量为10倍左右.磁性多孔材料具有明显的亲油、疏水特性,水的接触角达115.9°,同时材料密度只有0.036g/cm~3,能够漂浮于水面,实现对水面有机溶剂的快速吸附.吸附后的材料在外界磁场控制下,能够通过磁分离方式从水面快速分离.该材料具有良好的循环利用性能,可重复使用20次以上,吸油性能仍然保持良好.     

异相成核和拉伸诱导对生物基PHBV复合纤维结晶结构与力学性能的影响

采用熔融纺丝法制备了聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV)/二硫化钨(WS_2)复合纤维.利用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、热台偏光显微镜、二维广角射线衍射仪(2D-WXRD)、纤维强力仪研究了WS_2异相成核作用和牵伸诱导作用对纤维的结晶结构和力学性能的影响.研究表明,WS_2显著提高了PHBV的结晶温度,当使用2 wt%WS_2时,复合材料的结晶温度提高到115~130oC,比纯PHBV(99~105oC)提高了约25oC.WS_2不仅没有影响PHBV球晶的径向生长速率,且明显提高了PHBV/WS_2复合材料的晶核密度,熔体成核活性Φ由1.0降低为0.49.随着牵伸倍率和WS_2用量的增加,纤维的拉伸强度呈现出先增加后减小的趋势.当添加1 wt%WS_2并采用单向牵伸3.8倍时,纤维中的晶体取向产生了β晶结构,使复合纤维的拉伸强度由纯PHBV的37 MPa提高至155 MPa,断裂伸长率由2.4%增加至45%.     

Eine Untersuchungsmethode zur Gasphasentransport in einer geschlossenen Ampulle

A Method for Investigation of the Gas Phase Transport in a Closed Ampoule . The chemical and physical vapor transport are investigated using binary systems of germanium/iodine and iodine/krypton, respectively, as examples. For that purpose, the solid component is placed at the end of a closed ampoule of which the other end is pyramidally shaped. As a consequence of a sudden temperature difference between the ampoule ends, the solid material is transported into the modified end. The contur of the deposition is continuously determined by a computer assisted video technique until the temperature difference has disappeared. The experimental results are compared with the quasi-stationary one-dimensional mass diffusion.     

Synthese und Kristallstruktur einer Neuen hexagonalen Modifikation von Al2S3 mit fünffach koordiniertem Aluminium

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Hexagonal Modification of Al₂S₃ with Five-coordinated Aluminum A new hexagonal high temperature modification of Al₂S₃ could be prepared by chemical vapour transport with iodine (860 → 750°C) or by annealing of α -Al₂S₃ at 550°C. According to the single crystal X-ray structure determination the novel form of Al₂S₃ crystallizes in space group P 6₁ (No. 169) with a = 6.491(1), c = 17.169(4) Å, V = 626.5 ų, Z = 6; R = 0.0253. In this modification one half of the aluminum atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated [d(Al? S): 2.226–2.267 Å], whereas the other half are in trigonal bipyramidal coordination of five S atoms with bond lengths of 2.272–2.315 Å (equatorial) and 2.495–2.521 Å (axial). Aluminum in AlS₅ coordination is observed for the first time in this compound. The crystal structure is isotypic to In₂Se₃ and AlInS₃. In addition, results of a refinement of the α -Al₂S₃ crystal structure are reported which were obtained on crystals prepared also by chemical vapour transport with iodine.