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81.
This article reports on research focused on the integration of a specific computer tool, the spreadsheet, into mathematics teaching. After presenting some important results obtained by research in this area, we revisit these in the light of an instrumental approach, which we perceive as essential to analyse the construction of mathematical meanings in spreadsheet environments and to understand better the questions of technological integration. Then, these theoretical elements are used in order to design an exploratory experiment with grade 7 pupils and analyse its results. 相似文献
82.
J. M. Cuevas J. M. Laza M. Correa J. L. Vilas M. Rodríguez L. M. Len 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2003,41(17):1965-1977
The reticulation process of an epoxy resin using an amine as a cure agent was studied at different temperatures and concentrations of the cure agent with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The study was performed under both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions, and a temperature–time–transformation diagram was obtained. The measurements from the two modes gave similar results, although the nonisothermal mode required fewer experiments. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1965–1977, 2003 相似文献
83.
Jacquelyn A. Carioscia Lauren Schneidewind Casey O'Brien Robert Ely Caitlin Feeser Neil Cramer Christopher N. Bowman 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(23):5686-5696
The ability to prepare high Tg low shrinkage thiol–ene materials is attractive for applications such as coatings and dental restoratives. However, thiol and nonacrylated vinyl materials typically consist of a flexible backbone, limiting the utility of these polymers. Hence, it is of importance to synthesize and investigate thiol and vinyl materials of varying backbone chemistry and stiffness. Here, we investigate the effect of backbone chemistry and functionality of norbornene resins on polymerization kinetics and glass transition temperature (Tg) for several thiol–norbornene materials. Results indicate that Tgs as high as 94 °C are achievable in thiol–norbornene resins of appropriately controlled chemistry. Furthermore, both the backbone chemistry and the norbornene moiety are important factors in the development of high Tg materials. In particular, as much as a 70 °C increase in Tg was observed in a norbornene–thiol specimen when compared with a sample prepared using allyl ether monomer of analogous backbone chemistry. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5686–5696, 2007 相似文献
84.
Alexis C. Kaporis Lefteris M. Kirousis Yannis C. Stamatiou Malvina Vamvakari Michele Zito 《Discrete Applied Mathematics》2007,155(12):1525-1538
The problem of determining the unsatisfiability threshold for random 3-SAT formulas consists in determining the clause to variable ratio that marks the experimentally observed abrupt change from almost surely satisfiable formulas to almost surely unsatisfiable. Up to now, there have been rigorously established increasingly better lower and upper bounds to the actual threshold value. In this paper, we consider the problem of bounding the threshold value from above using methods that, we believe, are of interest on their own right. More specifically, we show how the method of local maximum satisfying truth assignments can be combined with results for the occupancy problem in schemes of random allocation of balls into bins in order to achieve an upper bound for the unsatisfiability threshold less than 4.571. In order to obtain this value, we establish a bound on the q-binomial coefficients (a generalization of the binomial coefficients). No such bound was previously known, despite the extensive literature on q-binomial coefficients. Finally, to prove our result we had to establish certain relations among the conditional probabilities of an event in various probabilistic models for random formulas. It turned out that these relations were considerably harder to prove than the corresponding ones for unconditional probabilities, which were previously known. 相似文献
85.
A novel class of platinum-based initiating systems for the ring-opening polymerization of a wide variety of heterocyclic compounds including epoxides, oxetanes, and 1,3,5-trioxane have been discovered. In addition to a platinum complex as a catalyst, a cocatalyst, consisting of a compound or polymer containing silicon-hydrogen bonds must also be present. This article reports on a preliminary survey of the scope and limitations of these new initiator systems. Particular emphasis in this article has been placed on the ring-opening polymerization of epoxides which have been studied in some detail and which proceed rapidly and exothermically at room temperature. A number of mechanistic studies have been conducted and the best current evidence suggests that polymerization proceeds by a cationic mechanism. Evidence is also presented which suggests that platinum metal colloids may function as the active initiating species. 相似文献
86.
第Ⅰ种强度不对称三态叠加多模叠加态光场N次方Y压缩—第一正交相位分量的压缩情况 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据量子力学中的线性叠加原理,构造了由三个强度不等的多模相干态光场|{Zj(A)}>q、|{Zj(B)}>q和|{Zj(C)}>q的线性叠加所组成的第Ⅰ种强度不对称三态叠加多模叠加态光场|ψl(ABC)>q.利用多模压缩态理论,研究了态|ψl(ABC)>q的第一正交方分量(即磁场分量)的广义非线性等幂次N次方Y压缩特性.结果发现:①在上述各多模相干态光场中各模的强度和各模的初始相位各不相等的情况下,态|ψl(ABC)>q的第一正交分量-磁场分量在一定的条件下,总可呈现出周期性变化的、任意等幂次的N次方Y压缩效应;②当上述各多模相干态光场的强度和各模的初始相位相等时,态|ψl(ABC)>q的磁场分量的N次方Y压缩现象消失,态|ψl(ABC)>q可恒处于等幂次N-Y最小测不准态. 相似文献
87.
用温度场论方法计算了F-L模型在有限温度和密度下的状态方程,分析了压强对净重子数密度的等温线.结果表明,在平均场近似下,F-L模型所给出的退禁闭相变为一级相变. 相似文献
88.
Ab initio energetic calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) and projector augmented wave (PAW) pseudo-potentials method were performanced to determine the crystal structural parameters and phase transition data of the polymorphic rare-earth sesquioxides Ln2O3 (where Ln=La-Lu, Y, and Sc) with A-type (hexagonal) and B-type (monoclinic) configurations at ground state. The calculated results agree well with the limited experimental data and the critically assessed results. A set of systematic and self-consistent crystal structural parameters, energies and pressures of the phase transition were established for the whole series of the A- and B-type rare-earth sesquioxides Ln2O3. With the increase of the atomic number, the ionic radii of rare-earth elements Ln and the volumes of the sesquioxides Ln2O3 reflect the so-called “lanthanide contraction”. With the increase of the Ln3+-cation radius, the bulk modulus of Ln2O3 decreases and the polymorphic structures show a degenerative tendency. 相似文献
89.
Ummadisetty Subramanyam Swaminathan Sivaram 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(2):191-210
Homopolymerization of octadecene‐1 at different reaction conditions has been studied. Significant chain running can be seen at higher polymerization temperatures. Interestingly, insertion of octadecene‐1 into a sterically hindered nickel‐cation/carbon (secondary) bond is observed. The microstructure of the polymer was established using NMR spectroscopy. The effects of chain running on polymer melting, crystallization behavior, and dynamic mechanical thermal properties were studied using DSC and DMTA. The extent of chain running (i.e., 2,ω‐, 1,ω‐enchainments) decreases with an increase in the carbon number of α‐olefins. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 191–210, 2007 相似文献
90.
A. Hansen M.H. Jensen K. Sneppen G. Zocchi 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1998,6(1):157-161
We present a statistical mechanics treatment of the stability of globular proteins which takes explicitly into account the
coupling between the protein and water degrees of freedom. This allows us to describe both the cold and the warm unfolding,
thus qualitatively reproducing the known thermodynamics of proteins.
Received: 19 March 1998 / Revised and Accepted: 25 May 1998 相似文献