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21.
In-plane single domain and vortex magnetization configurations of the magnetic dot in the hybrid superconductor–ferromagnet system are considered. Single domain configuration energy shift due to the presence of superconductor is calculated. The change of the phase curve of the ferromagnetic dot magnetization due to the repulsion of the magnetic field by the superconductor is obtained. Up to the two-fold decrease of the ferromagnetic dot critical radius due to the presence of the superconductor is predicted. 相似文献
22.
R. Jayakumar Y.‐S. Lee S. Nanjundan 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2003,41(18):2865-2878
The calcium salt of mono(hydroxyethoxyethyl)phthalate [Ca(HEEP)2] was synthesized by the reaction of diethylene glycol, phthalic anhydride, and calcium acetate. Calcium‐containing poly(urethane ether)s (PUEs) were synthesized by the reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) or tolylene 2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) with a mixture of Ca(HEEP)2 and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG300 or PEG400) with di‐n‐butyltin dilaurate as a catalyst. A series of calcium‐containing PUEs of different compositions were synthesized with Ca(HEEP)2/PEG300 (or PEG400)/diisocyanate (HMDI or TDI) molar ratios of 2:2:4, 3:1:4, and 1:3:4 so that the coating properties of the PUEs could be studied. Blank PUEs without calcium‐containing ionic diols were also prepared by the reaction of PEG300 or PEG400 with HMDI or TDI. The PUEs were well characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1H and 13C NMR, solid‐state cross‐polarity/magic‐angle‐spinning 13C NMR, viscosity, solubility, and X‐ray diffraction studies. The thermal properties of the polymers were also studied with thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The PUEs were applied as top coats on acrylic‐coated leather, and their physicomechanical properties were also studied. The coating properties of PUEs, such as the tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, water vapor permeability, flexing endurance, cold crack resistance, abrasion resistance, color fastness, and adhesive strength, were better than the standard values. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2865–2878, 2003 相似文献
23.
Elena Larraz Carlos Elvira Julio San Romn 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2003,41(11):1641-1649
This article explores the synthesis of a novel methacrylic macromonomer with an amphiphilic character derived from poly(ethylene glycol) tert‐octylphenyl ether (MT) and its respective homopolymer. To know their reactivity in radical copolymerization reactions with methyl methacrylate (MMA), a model monomer (MTm) was synthesized to determine the reactivity ratios and compare them with the low molar fractions of copolymers of MT with MMA because they were difficult to isolate. They were rMTm = 0.97 and rMMA = 0.95. The compositional diagrams when representing the weight fraction of MT and MTm in the feed and the copolymer suggested that a clear correlation exists between the experimental points of the model monomer MTm and the macromonomer MT ones, suggesting that the length of the side poly(ethylene oxide) chain does not affect the reactivity of the methacrylic double bond in the prepared monomers for this type of polymerization reaction. The reactivity ratios of the copolymers have a tendency for the formation of random or Bernoullian copolymers. The glass‐transition temperatures (Tg's) of the prepared copolymers were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, deviated from the Fox equation, and discussed on the basis of treatments that consider the influence of the monomeric units along the copolymer chains, determining the Tg of the corresponding alternating dyads. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1641–1649, 2003 相似文献
24.
C. Vaca‐Garcia G. Gozzelino W. G. Glasser M. E. Borredon 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2003,41(3):281-288
The main transitions of cellulose fatty esters with different degrees of substitution (DSs) were investigated with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Two distinct main relaxations were observed in partially substituted cellulose esters (PSCEs). They were attributed to the glass‐transition temperature and to the chain local motion of the aliphatic substituents. The temperatures of both transitions decreased when DS or the number of carbon atoms (n) of the acyl substituent increased. Conversely, all the transitions of fully substituted cellulose esters occurred within a narrow temperature range, and they did not vary significantly with n. This phenomenon was explained by the formation of a crystalline phase of the fatty substituents. The presence of few residual OH groups in PSCEs was responsible for a large increase in the storage bending modulus, and it eliminated the effect of n on damping. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 281–288, 2003 相似文献
25.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations has been carried out on the new family of molybdenum doped vanadium sesquioxides (V1−xMox)2−δO3. The oxidation effects were monitored from the rate of paramagnetic V4+ created when the sample is exposed to the air. The effects of the oxidation time, sample temperature, and annealing at 1000 °C under a diluted hydrogen atmosphere on the EPR signal features are analyzed. The V4+ concentration in the oxidized samples is determined and the relaxation effects driven by the conduction electrons are pointed out from the thermal behaviour of the EPR line features. EPR spectra of all the oxidized samples also reveal a small ferromagnetic contribution strongly correlated with the V4+ content. 相似文献
26.
We study the elastic responses of double-(ds) and single-stranded (ss) DNA at external force fields. A double-strand-polymer
elastic model is constructed and solved by path integral methods and Monte Carlo simulations to understand the entropic elasticity,
cooperative extensibility, and supercoiling property of dsDNA. The good agreement with experiments indicates that short-ranged
base-pair stacking interaction is crucial for the stability and the high deformability of dsDNA. Hairpin-coil transition in
ssDNA is studied with generating function method. A threshold force is needed to pull the ssDNA hairpin patterns, stabilized
by base pairing and base-pair stacking, into random coils. This phase transition is predicted to be of first order for stacking
potential higher than some critical level, in accordance with experimental observations. 相似文献
27.
5‐Methylene‐2‐oxazolidinone (1) and 5‐methylene‐1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione (4) react with various isocyanates to give the corresponding urethanes 3 and 5 in high yields in the presence of palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst under mild reaction conditions. A mechanism is proposed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
28.
The use of liquid fuels such as kerosene is of interest for the pulse detonation engine (PDE). Within this context, the aim
of this work, which is a preliminary study, was to show the feasibility to initiate a detonation in air with liquid-fuel pyrolysis
products, using energies and dimensions of test facility similars to those of PDEs. Therefore, two liquids fuels have been
compared, JP10, which is a synthesis fuel generally used in the field of missile applications, and decane, which is one of
the major components of standard kerosenes (F-34, Jet A1, ...). The thermal degradation of these fuels was studied with two
pyrolysis processes, a batch reactor and a flow reactor. The temperatures varied from 600°C to 1,000°C and residence times
for the batch reactor and the flow reactor were, respectively, between 10–30 s and 0.1–2 s. Subsequently, the detonability
of synthetic gaseous mixtures, which was a schematisation of the decomposition state after the pyrolysis process, has been
studied. The detonability study, regarding nitrogen dilution and equivalence ratio, was investigated in a 50 mm-diameter,
2.5 m-long detonation tube. These dimensions are compatible with applications in the aircraft industry and, more particularly,
in PDEs. Therefore, JP10 and decane were compared to choose the best candidate for liquid-fuel PDE studies.
This paper was based on work that was presented at the 20th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive
Systems, Montreal, Canada, July 31 – August 5, 2005. 相似文献
29.
转动喇曼散射截面的群论计算 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文利用群链U(4)U(3)O(3)描述双原子分子N_2和O_2振转谱的对称性质,并利用群论方法计算了N_2和O_2分子转动喇曼散射的跃迁矩阵元,给出了它们的转动喇曼散射的截面。结果与实验较好地符合。 相似文献
30.
Praveen K. Tandon Gayatri Sumita Sahgal Manish Srivastava Santosh B. Singh 《应用有机金属化学》2007,21(3):135-138
Catalytic activities of three transition metals, as iridium (III) chloride, rhodium (III) chloride and palladium (II) chloride, were compared in the oxidation of six aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, p‐chloro benzaldehyde, p‐nitro benzaldehyde, m‐nitro benzaldehyde, p‐methoxy benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde), two hydrocarbons (viz. (anthracene and phenanthrene)) and one aromatic and one cyclic alcohol (cyclohexanol and benzyl alcohol) by 50% H2O2. The presence of traces (substrate: catalyst ratio equal to 1:62500 to 1:1961) of the chlorides of iridium(III), rhodium(III) and palladium(II) catalyze these oxidations, resulting in good to excellent yields. It was observed that in most of the cases palladium(II) chloride is the most efficient catalyst. Conditions for the highest and most economical yields were obtained. Deviation from the optimum conditions decreases the yields. Oxidation in aromatic aldehydes is selective at the aldehydeic group only and other groups remain unaffected. This new, simple and economical method, which is environmentally safe, also requires less time. Reactive species of catalysts, existing in the reaction mixture are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献