瞬态电磁场对多孔洞目标耦合规律的数值研究

 运用时域有限差分（FDTD）方法,用数值方法研究了瞬态电磁场对开有多个孔洞的长方体的耦合规律。分别分析了不同极化方向、不同入射方向及不同带宽的瞬态电磁场的耦合效应。入射波极化方向与孔洞的短边平行时耦合入腔体的能量最多;相同振幅、不同上升前沿和带宽的入射波以窄带、快前沿耦合入的能量为多;多孔洞腔体内场衰减很快。     

基于改进格林元的压裂水平井动态分析方法

以建立高效的动态分析方法为出发点,以边单元作为求解点,改进传统的格林元方法,减少未知数和求解矩阵维度;并提出基于改进格林元的加密网格加密方法,保证考虑复杂裂缝网络的压裂水平井动态模拟的早期精度.退化模型与半解析解、数值模拟结果进行对比,验证本文基于加密网格的改进格林元方法的准确性和动态分析的高效性.最后进行动态响应的敏感性分析,结果表明：①格林元方法是一种高精度的动态模拟方法,将求解节点设置在网格的边上可以提高压裂水平井动态模拟的速度;②改进格林元方法的加密基于叠加原理,不需要通过插值近似,其求解精度高.在相同加密网格条件下,基于本文改进格林元方法的加密效果比有限差分加密效果更佳;③复杂裂缝导流能力、改造区渗透率提高倍数、改造区大小等参数对压裂水平井动态特征影响较大,在动态分析和参数反演时,应着重考虑这些因素的影响.     

PHOTOPHYSICAL STUDIES ON ORGANIC COMPOUNDS——TIME-RESOLVED TRANSIENT ABSORPTION SPECTRA STUDIES ON TRIPHENYLAMINE IN VARIOUS SOLVENTS

The transient absorption spectra of triphenylamine (TPA) in various solvents have beeninvestigated by the methods of nanosecond laser photolysis. The lifetimes of TPA were meas-ured. In hexane and ethanol, the transient absorptions of triplet state and triplet excimer ofTPA were observed. However, the transient absorptions of the TPA cation radical was alsoobserved in acetonitrile besides that of the triplet TPA monomer and excimer. According tothe experimental facts, the transient photophysical mechanism of TPA in various solvents hasbeen proposed.     

Ionic Liquids for and by Analytical Spectroscopy

Abstract

In this mini‐review we highlight two aspects of ionic liquids that to date have either no or limited studies. They are (1) exploitation of unique features of ionic liquids to develop novel spectroscopic methods and (2) development of novel spectroscopic methods, for the sensitive and accurate determination of thermal physical properties of ionic liquids. In the first category, we will describe several novel methods which were developed utilizing unique properties of ionic liquids for measurements which are not possible otherwise. They include the sensitive and accurate method to determine enantiomeric compositions of a variety of pharmaceutical products with different size, shape, and functional groups. This method is based on the use of a chiral IL which serves both as a solvent and also as a chiral selector. Ionic liquids have also been successfully used to substantially enhance the sensitivity of thermal lens measurements. In the second category, we will describe recent development in which transient grating technique and thermal lens technique have been successfully used for the sensitive, accurate, nondestructive determination of thermal physical properties of ILs.     

Reflection from 1D quasi-periodical structures

A theoretical investigation of 1D stationary and transient quasi-periodical dielectric structures is presented. A new approach for solving the problem of field interaction with such structures common for both stationary and transient cases, based on integral equations for the fields in transient media, is proposed. Some special cases of quasi-periodical structures with doubled quasi-periodicity are investigated numerically, showing that an additional complexity of the structure allows to obtain good filtering properties with a small number of quasi-periods. Transient structures with the same spatial dependencies, but with a time-dependent permittivity were also investigated.     

Correlating Charge-Carrier Dynamics with Efficiency in Quantum-Dot Solar Cells: Can Excitonics Lead to Highly Efficient Devices?

The photovoltaic performance of quantum-dot solar cells strongly depends on the charge-carrier relaxation and recombination processes, which need to be modulated in a favorable way to obtain maximum efficiency. Recently, significant efforts have been devoted to investigate the carrier dynamics of nanocrystal sensitizers, both in solution and deposited on TiO₂ photoanodes, with the aim to correlate the excitonics with solar-energy conversion efficiency. This Minireview summarizes some proof of the concepts that efficiency can be directly correlated to the exciton dynamics of quantum-dot solar cells. The presented findings are based on CdSeS alloy, CdSe/CdS core/shell, Au/CdSe nanohybrids, and Mn-doped CdZnSSe nanocrystals, where the favourable excitonic processes are optimized to enhance the efficiency. Future prospects and limitations are addressed as well.     

Transition Metal-Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Functionalization via Chiral Transient Directing Group Strategies

Transition metal-catalyzed enantioselective functionalization of C−H bond, the most abundant functionality in organic molecules, has emerged as an expedient synthetic approach to streamline the synthesis of complex chiral molecules. Despite significant progress, traditional directing group-enabled strategies require additional steps for the installation and removal of directing groups from the target molecule. The recently developed asymmetric C−H functionalization using chiral transient directing groups (cTDGs) offers a promising alternative that can circumvent this obstacle and therefore simplify the process. In this Minireview, we briefly discuss the advent and recent advances of this emerging concept, with an emphasis on discussing the creation of various stereogenic centers and the developments of cTDGs. Applications in natural product synthesis and ligand derivatizations are also discussed. We hope this Minireview will highlight the great potential of this strategy and help to inspire further endeavors.     

Effects of applied anodic potential and pH on the repassivation kinetics of pure aluminium in aqueous alkaline solution

The repassivation kinetics of pure aluminium have been explored in aqueous alkaline solutions as functions of applied anodic potential and pH by using an abrading electrode technique and a rotating disc electrode. The repassivation rate of the abraded bare surface of pure aluminium increased with increasing applied anodic potential in aqueous alkaline solutions, while it decreased with increasing pH. These results revealed that the growth rate of the passivating oxide film is enhanced by an applied electric field, but it is lowered due to the chemical attack by hydroxyl ions. A potentiostatic anodic current decay transient obtained from the abraded electrode surface showed a constant repassivation rate in neutral and weakly alkaline solutions. In contrast, in concentrated alkaline solutions it was observed to consist of three stages: a high repassivation rate in the initial stage due to a high formation rate of the oxide film on the abraded bare surface; a zero value of the repassivation rate in the second stage due to the dissolution of the oxide film by the attack of OH⁻; a high repassivation rate in the third stage due to a lowered dissolution rate of the oxide film. The dissolution rate of the passivating oxide film was observed to depend on the removal rate of aluminate ions from the oxide/solution interface. Received: 1 April 1998 / Accepted: 3 July 1998     

Photoinduced Oxidation Reaction of Benzotrifluoride with OH Radical by the Laser Flash Method

The optical transient and kinetics characterizations of the transients formed in the reaction of OH with benzotrifluoride (BTF) were performed by a laser flash photolysis technique. The results indicated that the formation of π‐type adduct of C₆H₅(OH)CF₃ was the major reaction channel, and the δ‐type adduct of C₆H₅CF₃OH formation was an additional minor process in the oxidation reaction of BTF attacked by OH radicals yielded from the photolysis of H₂O₂. Addition of OH to the CF₃ group led to the fluoride ion elimination to yield α,α‐difluorophenylcarbinol (C₆H₅CF₂OH). Trifluoromethylphenol (HOC₆H₄CF₃) of meta‐, para‐ and ortho‐substituted isomers resulted from the addition of OH to the BTF aromatic ring.     

Acceleration of Long‐Range Photoinduced Electron Transfer through DNA by Hydroxyquinolines as Artificial Base Pairs

The C‐nucleoside based on the hydroxyquinoline ligand (Hq) is complementary to itself and forms stable Hq–Hq pairs in double‐stranded DNA. These artificial Hq–Hq pairs may serve as artificial electron carriers for long‐range photoinduced electron transfer in DNA, as elucidated by a combination of gel electrophoretic analysis of irradiated samples and time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. For this study, the Hq–Hq pair was combined with a DNA‐based donor–acceptor system consisting of 6‐N,N‐dimethylaminopyrene conjugated to 2′‐deoxyuridine as photoinducible electron donor, and methyl viologen attached to the 2′‐position of uridine as electron acceptor. The Hq radical anion was identified in the time‐resolved measurements and strand cleavage products support its role as an intermediate charge carrier. Hence, the Hq–Hq pair significantly enhances the electron hopping capability of DNA compared to natural DNA bases over long distances while keeping the self‐assembly properties as the most attractive feature of DNA as a supramolecular architecture.