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381.
In this paper we introduce the notion of infinite dimensional Jacobi structure to describe the geometrical structure of a class of nonlocal Hamiltonian systems which appear naturally when applying reciprocal transformations to Hamiltonian evolutionary PDEs. We prove that our class of infinite dimensional Jacobi structures is invariant under the action of reciprocal transformations that only change the spatial variable. The main technical tool is in a suitable generalization of the classical Schouten–Nijenhuis bracket to the space of the so called quasi-local multi-vectors, and a simple realization of this structure in the framework of supermanifolds. These constructions are used to compute the Lichnerowicz–Jacobi cohomologies and to prove a Darboux theorem for Jacobi structures with hydrodynamic leading terms. We also introduce the notion of bi-Jacobi structures, and consider the integrability of a system of evolutionary PDEs that possesses a bi-Jacobi structure. 相似文献
382.
Anna‐Marie Zorn Christopher Barner‐Kowollik 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(12):2366-2377
In the present study, n‐butyl acrylate macromonomer (BAMM) (Mn = 1900 g mol?1; PDI = 1.96) has been synthesized via a high‐temperature polymerization process. Subsequently, the olefinic termini of the BAMM have been transformed into a diol via a dihydroxylation process using KMnO4 as an oxidizing agent. The OH‐terminated macroinitiator pBA(OH)2 has subsequently been employed for the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone via various catalytic systems, that is, organo‐(1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene), metal (tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate), and enzymatic catalysis (Novozym® 435). The obtained pBA‐b‐pCL block copolymers and the initiation efficiency of the BAMM macroinitiator have been investigated via size exclusion chromatography (SEC), electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) hyphenated with SEC and liquid chromatography at the critical conditions of both poly(ε‐caprolactone) (pCL) and pBA. The in vitro enzyme catalysis (eROP) approach proved to be the most efficient catalysis system due to minor transesterification side reactions during the polymerization process. However, side reactions such as transesterifications occur in each catalytic system and—while they cannot be suppressed—they can be minimized. The species generated during the eROP process include the desired block copolymer pBA‐b‐pCL as main species as well as pCL homopolymer and residual macroinitiator pBA(OH)2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012 相似文献
383.
Due to the complexity of the scene, target detection in forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery is a challenging problem, especially for occluded target. The main contribution of this paper is to propose an indirect detection method for improving the recognition probability and effectiveness of target detection method in FLIR image sequences under complex conditions. The proposed method mainly includes four steps: preparation of forward-looking reference image of landmark, extraction of the real-time scene image, template matching and target location, in which some key technologies are proposed, such as perspective transformation used to solve projective problems, position prediction for improving real-time performance, and target location used for identifying the target’s position. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of proposed method in FLIR image sequences. 相似文献
384.
The purpose of the paper is to construct a supersymmetric Lagrangian within the framework of classical mechanics which would
be regarded as a candidate for passage to supersymmetric quantum mechanics.
The authors felicitate Prof. D S Kothari on his eightieth birthday and dedicate this paper to him on this occasion. 相似文献
385.
A numerical analysis is presented for the unsteady compressible laminar boundary layer driven by a compression or expansion wave. Approximate or series expansion methods have been used for the problems because of the characteristics of the governing equations, such as non-linearity, coupling with the thermal boundary layer equation and initial conditions. Here a transformation of the governing equations and the numerical linearization technique are introduced to deal with the difficulties. First, the governing equations are transformed for the initial conditions by Howarth and semisimilarity variables. These transformations reduce the number of independent variables from three to two and the governing equations from partial to ordinary differential equations at the initial point. Next, the numerical linearization technique is introduced for the non-linearity and the coupling with the thermal boundary layer equation. Because the non-linear terms are linearized without sacrifice of numerical accuracy, the solutions can be obtained without numerical iterations. Therefore the exact numerical solution, not approximate or series expansion, can be obtained. Compared with the approximate or series expansion method, this method is much improved. Results are compared with the series expansion solutions. 相似文献
386.
Koji Nonaka Hidehiko Takara Atsushi Takada Kentaro Uchiyama Yoshiaki Yamabayashi 《Optical Review》1998,5(6):331-333
An optical mono-stable multivibrator laser diode (MM-LD) is realized by using a multi-electrode distributed feedback laser diode. All-optical pulse-width conversion of ultra-short pulses to non-return-to-zero (NRZ) is achieved using an MM-LD. The MM-LD is adopted for a wide range of bit-rates between 2-10 Gbit/s by tuning the DC bias. Data format transformation from 10-Gbit/s return-to-zero optical signals to NRZ optical-signals is achieved with error free operation. Converted optical signals, which have a narrower spectral bandwidth and lower peak power than when input, are transmitted using a 1.3-μm zero dispersion fiber (1.3Aλ0-SMF). 相似文献
387.
388.
If the dimension of a linear space is not greater than 3, then the characteristic polynomial of the Coxeter transformation associated with any symmetric matrix is invariant under the natural action of the symmetric group. If the dimensionality is greater than 3, then this statement does not hold. The set of all trees such that the spectrum of their associated Coxeter transformation contains negative one is three-dimensional. 相似文献
389.
V. Majerník 《Foundations of Physics Letters》1997,10(4):357-370
We propose a spacetime scheme representing the union of the real and non-real spacetime as a possible geometrical framework
for Caldirola’s idea, that the bradyonic motion can be regarded as a light-like motion in an additional extra space. The playground
of all physical processes is the union space. However, the physical processes in union space are differently projected on
the real and non-real spacetime. The waves linked with luxons in union space are projected on the real spacetime so that they
propagate here always with the velocity of light. The waves linked with bradyons in union space are projected on the non-real
spacetime so that they propagate here with the velocity of light. The wave linked with a bradyon in union space, which is
projected on the real spacetime, is here described by the Schroedinger and Dirac equations. There is proposed a symmetry which
demands that the physical world is in its law the same whether it is seen from real or non-real spacetime. We discuss some
consequences of this symmetry in the theory of elementary particles. 相似文献
390.
The stress fields around the first butterfly martensite in an Fe-Ni based alloy were calculated. The calculation results inducate
that there are tensile stress fields near the convexity and the two ends of a butterfly martensite. There is a compressive
stress field near the concavity. New butterfly martensite is likely induced not only near the convexity but also probably
near the concavity. The butterfly martensites induced in tensile stress fields are bigger than those in compressive stress
fields. The second butterfly martensite is likely induced near the convexity within 2πm region. All these results agree with
the experimental observation. 相似文献